MARY'S GARDENS RESEARCH A Progress Report
.
John S.Stokes Jr.
Queen of the Missions, March 1955.
Paradoxically, the very literature and
book learning which destroyed the oral
religious traditions of the Christian
countrysides during the sixteenth,
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries took
it upon themselves to record the disappearing externals of those
same traditions in the nineteenth. It is thus secular
lexicographers, not religious tradition, that we are to thank for
the preservation of many of the centuries-old popular "Mary" names
of plants which have come down to us today. For this reason many
religious people unfamiliar with the old religious plant names.
Mrs. Lillie Pioneers
However, it was not from secular dictionaries that the Mary
Flower tradition took root and found new life in the United States
in the early nineteen thirties. It came as an offshoot from the
old popular tradition which still survives in the monasteries and
countrysides of England. For it was in England that Mrs. Frank R.
Lillie, of Chicago, first learned of the Mary-named flowers, and
conceived of the idea of planting a number of them in the "Garden
of Our Lady" adjacent to the Angelus Tower she had given to St.
Joseph's Church, Woods Hole, Cape Cod, Massachusetts in 1929.
Not the Mary names, but the spirit behind them was the
important thing to Mrs. Lillie. She saw that in their origin these
names were of the heart. She realized that before the invention of
printing the people of the countryside had no books telling of
Mary. "The flowers were all they had." In their day the Mary
named plants may have been more potent than any book of theology.
Consider the shamrock. And she believed, as our Mary's Gardens
experience has borne out, that they still have such potency today .
. . "especially for the children."
Mrs. Emerson Collaborates
In her search for Mary-named plants suitable for use in the
Woods Hole Garden of Our Lady, Mrs. Lillie enlisted the assistance
of the late Winifred Jelliffe Emerson of Chicago. It was Mrs.
Emerson who first tapped the wealth of Mary names of plants lying
dormant in secular dictionaries, and it was from her research that
the Woods Hole garden was planned by Miss Dorothea L. Harrison,
landscape architect, and laid out by Mr. Wilfred Wheeler,
distinguished horticulturist, and first Agricultural Commissioner
of Massachusetts.
Original Research of Mary's Gardens
As Mrs. Emerson's research papers could not be located for us
by Mrs. Lillie, then in her eighties, at the start of Mary's
Gardens in 1951, we conducted our own research in the libraries of
the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society and the University of
Pennsylvania, and also the Philadelphia Public Library, to provide
the documentation we considered it prudent to have before we
started our public work. It was not until the spring of 1954 that
Dr. Emerson came upon the original research while cleaning out the
attic of his home. These papers, which he kindly presented to us
as a gift, are now part of our Mary's Gardens archives.
After receiving Mrs. Emerson's research we consolidated it
with ours in a single documented listing of Mary named flowers,
which is first presented below.
Each flower named for Mary is another tribute to her, and
another testimony to the everyday recourse to her in reflection and
prayer by the people of Christendom. "Of Mary there is never
enough." But our primary Mary's Gardens objective is not to
accumulate a list of names. It is to discover new Mary-named
plants which will contribute horticulturally to the materials
available for planting in Mary Gardens today.
Two lists of Mary named plant life are presented below. It is
hoped that readers will help build up this list further by sending
any names they know of . . . in French, German, Spanish and the
Slavic languages, etc., as well as in English.
(1997 Note: See also Mary Flowers in England, Germany, Ireland and
Latin America)
PLANTS NAMED FOR OUR LADY
Compiled from research by Winifred Jelliffe Emerson, Chicago,
Illinois, 1932, made at the suggestion of Mrs. Frank R. Lillie; and
from research by Mary's Gardens, Philadelphia, Pa., 1951 1954.
Religious Name Popular Name Botanical Name References
Annunciation Lily Modonna Lily Lilium candidum Bailey 1868
Assumption Lily Funkia Hosta plantaginea Pers I
Blue eyed Mary Collinsea Collinsea bicolor Web-1112
Blue eyed Mary Blue eyed Grass Sisyrinchium ang. I 543
Candlemas Bells Snowdrops Galanthus nivalis M.C. 6
Joseph and Mary Lungwort Pulmonoria officin. Web 1167
Lady Apple Lady Apple Malus var. Emer
Our Lady's Balsam Costmary Chrysanthemum bals. Foley 38
Our Lady's Basin Fuller's Teasel Dipsacus fullonum Foley 38
Our Lady's Beds Yellow Bedstraw Galium verum Britt 294
Our Lady's Bedstraw Yellow Bedstraw Galium verum Oxford 161
Lady Bell Bellflower Adenophera Oxford 161
Our Lady's Belt Meadow Sweet Filipendula ulmar. Foley 38
O. L. Birthday Flwr Italian Aster Aster amellus Woods1937
Our Lady's Mint Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium Woods 1932
Our Lady's Boots Bird's foot Tr. Lotus corniculatus Mold 473
Lady's Bower Traveller's Joy Clematis vitalba Oxford 1099
Lady Brake(n) Bracken Pteris aquilina Gray 36
Lady by the Gate Soapwort Saponario officin. Gray 36
Our Lady's Candles Evening Candles Lychnis alba S.P.N. 64
O. L. Candlestick Cowslip Primula elatior S.P.N 382
Lady's Clover Wood Sorrel Oxalis acetosella Britt 294
Lady's Comb Venus Comb Scandix pecten ven Britt 294
Our Lady's Cowslip Goat's Rue Galega lutea Britt 294
Our Lady's Cushion Rock Cress Arabis albida Britt 294
Our Lady's Cushion Thrift Armeria Vulgaris Britt 294
Our Lady's Cushion Knapweed Centuria nigra Foley 38
Our Lady's Cushion Golden Saxifrage Chrysoplenium opp. Britt 294
Our Lady's Cushion Bird's foot Tref Lotus corniculatus Britt 294
Our Lady's Cushion Mossy Saxifrage Saxifraga hypnoid. Britt 294
Lady's Delight Pansy Viola tricolor Gray 587
Lady's Eardrop Touch me not Impatiens biflora Mold 473
Lady's Eardrop Fuchsia Fuchsia speciosa Britt 294
Lady's Earrings Balsam Impatiens capensis Gray 991
Lady Eleven o'clock Star of Bethlm Ornithogalum umbel I 509
Religious Name Popular Name Botanical Name References
Our Lady's Eyes Forget me not Myosotis scorpioid. Skin 119
Lady Fern Lady Fern Anthyrium felix f. Prior 294
Lady's Fingers Kidney Vetch Anthyllis vulnerar. Britt 294
Lady's Fingers Cuckoo Pint Arum maculatum Britt 294
Lady's Fingers Golden Chain Cytisus Iaburnum Britt 294
Lady's Fingers Everlasting Pea Lathyrus praetensis Britt 294
Our Lady's Fingers Honeysuckle Lonicera caprifol. Gray 756
Lady's Finger Birds Foot Tr. Lotus corniculatus Britt 294
Lady Fingers Orchis Orchis mascula Britt 294
Lady's Fingers Cowslip Primula veris Britt 294
Our Lady's Flannel Bugloss Echium fastuosum Woods 1932
Our Lady's Flannel Small Bugloss Lycopsis arvensis Gray 683
Lady's Foxglove Great Mullein Verbascum thapsis Britt 295
Lady's Flower Pansy Viola tricolor MC 23
Lady's Frills Primrose Primula vulgaris Britt 295
Lady's Garters Ribbon Grass Phalaris arund pict Britt 295
Lady's Garters Blackberry var Rubus fruticosus Britt 294
Lady's Glass Corn Violet Web
Our Lady's Glove Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Skin 23
Lady's Glove Birds Foot Lotus corniculatus Britt 295
Lady's Grass Crab Grass Digitalis sanguinal.Emer
Lady Grass Reed Canary Gr Phalaris arundinac. Britt 294
Our Lady's Hair Maiden Hair Fn Adiantum cap vener. Britt 295
Our Lady's Hair Quaking Grass Briza media Britt 295
Our Lady's Hand Spotted Orchid Orchis maculata Mold 473
Lady Keys Cowslip Primula veris Britt 294
Our Lady's Lace Dodder Cuscuta gronovii Prior 131
Lady's Laces Reed Canary Gr Phalaris arund pict Oxford 1099
Lady Laurel Laurel Daphne mezereum Gray 590
Lady's Lint Easter Bell Stellaria holostea Britt 295
Lady's Looking GlassVenus' L. Glass Campanula speculum Britt 295
Lady's Longing Apple var. Pyrus Emer
Lady's Mantle Lady's Mantle Alchemilla vulgaris Britt 295
Lady's Mantle Morning Glory Ipomea purpurea Britt 295
Lady's Mantle Morning Glory Convolvulus major Woods 1935
Lady's Meat Wood Sorrel Oxalis acetosella Britt 295
Lady's Meat Hawthorn Crataegus oxayacan. Britt 295
Lady Milk Milk Thistle Carduus marianus Britt 295
Lady's Milk Sile Cuckoo Flower Cardamine pratensis Britt 295
Religious Name Popular Name Botanical Name References
Lady's Milk Sile Spotted Lungwrt Pulmonaria officin Britt 295
Our Lady's Milkwort Spotted Lungwrt Pulmonaria officin Britt 295
Our Lady's Mint Spearmint Mentha viridis Britt 296
Our Lady's Modesty English Violet Viola odorata Haig 30
Lady's Navel Navelwort Cotyledon umbil. Britt 296
Our Lady's Needle Roman Wormwood Artemisia pontica Foley 37
Lady's Needlework Hedge Parsley Torilis anthrisc. Emer
Lady's Nightcap Wood Anemone Anemone nemorosa Brltt 296
Lady's Nightcap Canterbury Bells Campanula medium Britt 296
Lady's Nightcap Rutland Beauty Convolvulus sepium Britt 296
Lady of the Snow Alpine Anemone Anemone vernalis W.S.G 23
Lady o' The Meadow Meadow Sweet Spirea ulmaria Britt 296
Lady's Paint Brush Orange Hawkweed Hieracium aurant. Gray 872
Lady's Pincushion Thrift Armeria maritima Britt 296
Lady's Pincushion Spotted Lungwort Pulmonaria officin Britt 296
Lady's Pincushion Sweet Scabious Scabiosa atropurp. 8ritt 296
Lady's Pocket Touch me not Impatiens biflora Gray 560
Lady Poplar Lombardy Poplar Populus fastigiata Britt 294
Lady's Pouches Shepherd's Purse Capsella bursa pa. Britt 296
Lady's Purses Shepherd's Purse Capsella bursa pa. Britt 296
O.L. Resting Place Germander Speedw Veronica chaemedr. M.C. 25
Lady's Ribands Reed Canary Gras Phalaris arund. Britt 296
Our Lady's Rose Rose of Jericho Anastatica hiero. Skin 231
Lady Rue Meadow Rue Thalictrum clav. Gray 658
Our Lady's Ruffles Meadow Sweet Filipendula hexa. ritt 296
Lady's Ruffles Nhamp Britt 296
Lady's Seal Solomon's Seal Polygonatum mult. Britt 296
Lady's Seal Black Bryony Tamus communis Britt 296
Lady's Shoes & Stkg Bird's Foot Trfl Lotus corniculatus Britt 296
Lady's Signet Black Bryony Tamus communnis
Lady's Signet Bryony Bryonia dioico Skin 68
Lady's Signet Solomon's Seal Polygonotum mult.
Our Lady's Signet False Solmn Seal Smilacena racem. Foley 42
Lady's Slipper Columbine Aquilegia vulgaris Britt 296
Lady's S1ipper Birds Ft Trefoil Lotus corniculatus Britt 296
Lady's Slipper Ladyslipper Orch Cypripedium Britt 296
Lady's Slipper Lady's Slipper Ladyslipper Orchid Britt 296
Lady's Slipper Lady's Slipper Fissipes acaulis Britt 296
Lady Slipper Lady Slipper Impatiens balsam. Gray 306
Lady's Slipper Fringed Milkwort Polygala paucifol. Emer
Religious Name Popular Name Botanical Name References
Lady's Smock Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris Emer
Lady's Smock Canterbury Bells Campanula medium Britt 296
Lady's Smock Cuckoo Flower Cardamine pratens Britt 296
Lady Smock Rutland Beauty Convolvulus sepium Britt 296
Lady Sorrel Wood Sorrel Oxalis corniculata Gray 534
Our Lady's Tears Spiderwort Tradescantia virgin.Hort 1951
Our Lady's Tears Lily of the Val. Convallaria majal. Wilder 356
Lady Ten O'Clock Star of Bethlem Ornithogolum umbel I 509
Lady's Thigh Pear Variety Pyrus Oxford 1099
Lady's Thimble Harebell Campanula rotundif. Britt 297
Lady's Thumb Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Britt 297
Lady's Thumb Germander Speed. Veronica chamaedrys Britt 297
Our Lady's Thistle Blessed Thiste Cnicus benedidus Gray 861
Our Lady's Thistle Blessed Thistle Carduus benedidus Britt 297
Our Lady's Thistle Milk Thistle Carduus mariana Britt 297
Lady's Thumb Lady's Thumb Polygonum persica. Oxford 1099
Lady Tobacco Pearly Everlast Anaphalis margarit. Gray 820
Lady's Tresses Lady's Tresses Spiranthus autumnal Britt 297
Lady's Tresses Quaking Grass Briza Oxford 1099
Lady's Tresses Birds Nest Orch. Neottia nidus avis Prior 133
Lady Whin Rest Harrow Ononis arvensis Britt 294
Lily of the Valley Lily of the Val. Convallaria majal. Oxford 1143
Madonna's Herb Mother of Thous. Linaria cymbalaria Emer
Madonna's Herb Ground lvy Nepeta hederacea M.C. 10
Madonna Lily Madonna Lily Lilium candidum Oxford 1184
Madonna's Milk Reed Dead Nettle Lamicum purpureum Gray 800
Madonna's Pins Stork Bill Erodium ciratorium Gray 536
Madonna's Pins Wild Geranium Geranium maculatum Woods 1937
Madonna Rose Hybrid Tea Rose Rosa ordorata S.P.N. 430
Marie Bregne Rock Polypody Polypodium vulgare Foley 39
Mary Bud Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris Gray 404
Mary Bud Pot Morigold Calendula officin. Britt 26
Mary's Eye Forget me not Myosotis scorpioid. James 4
Mary's Flower Rose of Jericho Anastatica pygm. Emer
St. Mary's Flower Marianthus Marianthus, sp. Emer
Marygold Pot Marigold Calendula officinal Britt 324
Marygold Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris Prior 148
Marygold Annual Chrysanth Chrysanthemum segut Oxford 1206
Marygold Marigold Tagetus (genus) Oxford 1206
Marygold Fig Marigold Mesembryanthemum Oxford 696
Marigold Rose Hybrid Tea Rose Rosa odorata S.P N. 431
St. Mary's Grass Johnson Grass Sorghum halepense Gray 95
Mary's Hand Rose of Jericho Anastatica pygm. Emer
Mary's Hand Silverweed Potentilla anserina Woods 1937
Religious Name Popular Name Botanical Name References
Mary's Hand of Pity Spotted Orchis Orchis maculata Mold 473
Mary's Heart Bleeding Heart Dicentra spectabil. Gyger P
St. Mary's Herb Mint Geranium Chrysanth. balsam. Gray 847
St. Mary's Herb Spearmint Mentha spicata Foley 39
St. Mary's Herb Pansy Viola tricolor Emer
Santa Maria Feverfew Parthenium hystero. III 465
Mary Iris Iris variety Iris barn. mariae S.P.N. 282
Mary Lily Madonna Lily Lilium candidum Baily 156
Mary's Pink Red Campion Lychis dioica Gray 384
Mary's Rue Resurrection Plt Anastatica hiero. Foley 37
Mary's Rose Rose Campion Lychnis coronoria Medici Prt
St. Mary's Seeds Sow Thistle Sonchus oleraceus Britt 326
St. Mary's Seeds Milky Dashel M.C. 21
Mary's Slipper Monkshood Aconitum nepellus Pers I
Mary's Tears Star of Bethlm Ornithogolum umbell Gray 289
Mary's Tears Spotted Lungwrt Pulmonario officin. Britt 481
Mary's Tears Bladder Campion Silene latifolia II 64
St. Mary's Thistle Milk Thistle Silybum marianum Baily 3169
St. Mary's Tree Rosemary Rosmarinus officin. Skin 13
Purification Flower Snowdrop Golanthus nivalus M.C. 8
Rose of Jericho Resurrectn Plt Anastatica hiero. Oxford 1754
Rose of Sharon St. John's Wort Hypericum calycinum Web 1849
Rose of Sharon Shrubby Althea Hibiscus syriacus II 526
St. Joseph's Staff Hollyhock Althea rosea Woods 1937
Sweet Mary Hybrid Tea Rose Rosa odorata S.P.N. 449
Sweet Mary Jupiter's Beard Centranthus ruber Britt 460
Sweet Mary Lemon Balm Melissa officinalis Emer
Virgin's Bower Clematis Clematis virginiana Britt 482
Virgin's Bower Wisteria Wisteria frutescens II 374
Virgin Flower Costmary Chrysanthemum bals. Mold 384
Virgin Flower Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis Emer
Virgin Flower Periwinkle Vinca rosea Woods 1937
Virgin's Glove Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Skin 23
Virgin's Nipple Spurge Euphorbia lathyrus Skin 19
Virgin Oil Olive Olea europaea Mold 473
Virgin Pink Garden Pink Dianthus plumarius Mold 484
Virgin Stock Virginian Stock Malcomia maritima Mold 484
Virgin's Tears Spiderwort Tradescantia virgin.Woods 1937
Virgin's Seal False Sol. Seal Smilacima racemosa Mold 473
Virgin M.Candle Great Mullein Verbascum thapsis Britt 481
Virgin M.Cowlip Spotted Lungwrt Pulmonaria officin. Britt 481
Virgin M.Honeysuckl Spottod Lungwrt Pulmonaria officin. Britt 481
Virgin M.Milk Drops Spotted Lungwrt Pulmonaria officin. Britt 481
Virgin Mary's Pinch Lady's Thumb Polygonum persicar. Britt 481
Virgin Mary's Nut Molucca Beon Pulmonaria officin. Britt 481
Virgin M. Thistle Blessed Thistle Carduus benedictus Britt 482
Virgin M. Thistle Milk Thistle Sylibum marianum Britt 482
RESEARCH REFERENCES
EMERSON RESEARCH REFERENCES, CHICAGO 1932
From longhand notes of Winifred Jelliffe Emerson. Original in Mary's
Gardens files.
EMER Recorded, but source not clear (9/7/54)
GRAY "Gray's New Manual of Botany, Seventh Edition, 1908"
JAMES "Jameson, Anno B., Legends of The Madonna, Longmans Green &
Co, London, 1891"
S.P.N "Standardized Plant Names, American Joint Committee on
Horticultural Nomenclature, Mount Pleasant Press, Salem, MA, 1923"
SKIN "Skinner, Charles M,, Myths and Legends of Flowers, Trees,
Fruits and Plants, Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA, 1925 "
THOMAS "Thomas, H. H., The Book of Hardy Flowers, Funk & Wagnalls,
New York"
WEB "Webster's New International Dictionary, Springfield, MA, 1923"
W S.G, "Wayside Gardens Catalog, Wayside Gardens, Mentor, Ohio,
1932"
I, II,III Recorded as volumes I, II and III, but source not clear
(9/7/54)
ADDITIONAL MARY'S GARDENS RESEARCH REFERENCES 1951 TO 1954
BRITT Britten and Holland, A Dictionary of English Plant Names.
London, l878
FOLEY Foley, Daniel J. Foley, Mary Gardens, The Herbarist, Herb
Society of America, Boston, 1953, pp 34 42
GYGER Gyger, Thor E, Printer, Adelboden, Switzerland, Flower Post
Card
HAIG Haig, Elizobeth, The Floral Symbolism of The Great Masters,
Regan, Paul, Trench, Trubnor & Co, Ltd, London, 1913
M.C. Smith, Judith, The Mary Calendar, Ditchling, England, 1930
MOLD Moldenke, Harold N., Flowers of Madonna, Horticulture,
Horticultural Hall, Boston, MA, December, 1953, pp 274
OXFORD The Shorter Oxford Dictionary, Clarendon Press, Oxford,
England, 2nd Edition, reprinted 1939
PA HORT Unidentified (9/7/54) reference, 1951 Penna Horticultural
Society reseorch
PERS Personal report in conversation or correspondence in Mary's
Gardens files
PRIOR Prior, R,C.A, M.D., On The Popular Names of British Plants,
Frederic Norgate, London, 3rd Edition, 1879
WILDER - Wilder, Louise Beebe, Color in My Garden, Doubleday Page &
Co., Garden City, 1918
WOODS Our Lady in Her Garden, St Joseph's Church, Woods Hole, 1932;
Revised, 1937
ADDITIONAL PLANTS NAMED FOR OUR LADY
Compiled from research by Mary's Gardens, Philadelphia. PA, 1954 & 1955.
(G) Translation from the German
Religious Name Popular Name Botanical Name References
Lady's Bells Knapweed Centauria nigra Wright 3 500
Lady's Berry (G) Hawthorn Crataegus Grimm 77
Lady's Birch (G) Weeping Birch Betula Grieb 312
Lady Buddick Apple Pyrus malus Wright 3 5OO
Lady's Cheeses Marsh Mallow Malva sylvestris Wright 3 500
Lady Crab Apple variety Pyrus Wright 3 500
Lady's Cushion Kidney Vetch Anthyllis vulner. Wright 3 500
Lady's Cushion Field Scabious Scabiosa arvensis Wright 3 500
Lady's Feather beds Meadow Saxifrage Saxifraga granul. Wright 3 500
Lady's Fennel (G) Sweet Fennel Foeniculum duce Grieb 312
Lady s Fingers Horseshoe Vetch Hippocrepsis como. Wright 3 500
Lady's Fingers Apple variety Pyrus Wright 3 500
Religious Name Popular Name Botanical Name References
Lady's Fingers (Gl Woundwort Stachys Grieb 583
L. Fingers & Thumbs Bird's foot Tref Lotus corniculatus Grieb 500
Lady's Flax (G) Quaking Grass Briza media Grimm 78
Lady's Flax (G) Costmary Chrysanthemum bals Grieb 312
Lady Flock Cuckoo Flower Cardamine praten Wright 3 500
Lady's Flower (G) Pimpernel Anagellis Grieb 312
Lady's Glove Cuckoo Flower Cardamine praten Wright 3 500
Lady's Glove Fleawort Inula conyza Oxford 6 25
Lady Gold Pot Marigold Calendula officin. Wright 3 500
L. Golden Bedstraw Yellow Bedstaw Galium verum Wright 3 500
Lady's Grass (G) Holcus Grass Holcus odoratus Grimm 78
Lady's Hair (G) Dodder Cuscuta Grieb 312
Lady's Heart (G) Bleeding Heart Dicentra spectab. Gyger P
Lady's Herb (G) Costmary Chrysanthemum bals Grieb 312
Lady's Hop (G) Yellow Clover Trifolium agrarium Grimm 79
Lady's Knife Cuckoo Pint Arum maculatum Wright 3 500
L. Knives and Forks Club Moss Lycopodium clavat. Wright 3 500
Lady's Leaf Costmary Chrysanthemum bals Grieb 312
Lady's Leaf (G) Spearmint Mentha veridis Grimm 77
Lady's Mantle (G) Aphananthe Aphanes arvensis Grimm 80
Lady's Mantle Common Mallow Malve rotundifolia Grimm 80
Lady's Mint (G) Tansy Tanacetum balsam. Grimm 81
Lady's Needlework Jupiter's Beard Centranthus ruber Wright 3 500
Lady's Needlework London Pride Saxifraga umbrosa Wright 3 500
Lady Orchid Orchid Orchis purpurea Wright 3 500
Lady Pear Pear variety Pyrus Oxford 6 23
Lady's Rose (G) Rose Campion Lychnis coronaria Grimm 81
Lady's Rose (G) Scotch Rose Rosa spinossimima Grimm 81
Lady's Ruffles Dbl White Narcis Narcissus Wright 3 500
Lady's Ruffles Daffodil Narcissus psuedo n Wright 3 500
Lady's Sage (G) Costmary Chrysanthemum bals Grieb 312
Lady in the Shade Love in a Mist Nigella damascena Wright 3 500
Lady shake Quaking Grass Briza media Wright 3 500
Lady's Shoe Fumitory Fumaria officinal. Wright 3 500
Lady's Shoe (G) Kidney Vetch Anthryllis vulner. Wright 3 500
Lady's Slipper Horseshoe Vetch Hippocrepsis cosm. Wright 3 500
Lady's Smock Cuckoo Pint Arum maculatum Wright 3 500
Lady's Smock Saxifraga Saxifraga var. Wright 3 500
Lady's Soap Crow Silk algae Conferva rivularis Wright 3 500
Lady's Stick (G) Honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum Grimm 79
Lady's Tuft Sweet William Dianthus barbatus Wright 3 500
Lady's Wedding Early Phlox Phlox Wright 3 500
Lady in White London Pride Saxifraga umbrosa Wright 3 500
L. White Petticoat Easter Bell Stellaria holostia Wright 3 500
Marian's Violet Canterbury Bell Campanula medium 0xford 6 162
Mariet Canterbury Bell Campanula medium Oxford 1206
Religious Name Popular Name Botanical Name References
Mary's Apple {G) Hasting Apple Pyrus malus Wright 4 45
Mary's Coin (G) Costmary Chrysanthemum bals Grieb 583
Mary's Delight (G) While Violet Violo alba Grimm 1626
Mary's Drink (G) Mountain Tobacco Arnica montana Grimm 1628
Mary's Flax (G) Dodder Cuscuta Grieb 583
Mary's Flower (G) Daisy Bells perennis Grimm 1626
Mary Gowlan Daisy Bells perennis Wright 4 45
Mary's Grass (G} Ribbon Grass Phalaris arun.pict Grimm 1626
Mary's Grass (G} Pear Wort Sagina Grieb 583
Mary's Grass (G) Spurry Spergula arvensis Grimm 1626
Mary's Leaf (G) Spearmint Mentha viridis Grlmm 1626
Mary's Mantle G) Ladies Mantle Alchemilla vulgar. Grimm 1627
Mary's Mantle (G} Wild Chamomile Matricaria Grimm 1627
Mary's Mint (G) Spearmint Mentha viridis Grimm 1627
Mary's Nettle (G) Horehound Marrubium vulgare Grimm 1627
Mary's Plant (G} Catnip Nepata cataria Grimm 1627
Mary's Plant (G) Mountain Tobocco Arnico montana Grimm 1627
Mary's Plant {G) Lady's Mantle Alchemilla vulgar. Grimm 1627
Mary's Root (G) Parsnip Pastinaca sativa Grieb 583
Mary's Root (G) Tansy Tanacetum balsam. Grimm 1628
Mary's Rose (G) Pheasant's Eya Adonis aestivalis Grimm 1628
Mary's Rose (G) Fly Trap Apocynum andros. Grieb 583
Mary's Rose (G) Daisy Bellis Grimm 1628
Mary's Rose (G) Corn Cockle Lychnis githago Grimm 1628
Mary's Rose (G) Pink Campion Iychnis vis.splen. Grimm 1628
Mary's Rose (G) Peony Paeonia officianal.Grimm 1628
Mary's Rose (G) Dog Rose Rosa canina Grimm 1628
Mary's Rose (G) Eglantine Rosa rubiginosa Grieb 583
Mary's Rose (G) Sweet Williom Cf Silene armeria Grimm 1628
Mary's Rose (G} Woundwort Stachys Grieb 583
Mary's Slipper (G) Ladyslipper orch Cypripedium Grimm 1628
Mary's Tears (G) Job's Tears Coix lacryma Grimm 1628
Mary's Tears (G) Gromwell Lithospermum offic Grimm 1628
Mary's Thorn (G) Dog Rose Rosa canina Grimm 1628
Mary's Thorn (G) Eglantine Rosa rubiginosa Grieb 583
Mary's Tree Tolu Tree Myrospermum toluf. Oxford 6 162
Mary's Violet (G) Canterbury Bells Campanula medium Grimm 1628
Mary and Joseph Forget me not Myosotis palustris Wright 4 45
RESEARCH REFERENCES
MARY'S GARDENS RESEARCH REFERENCES 1954, 1955
CENTURY Whitney & Smith, The Century Dictionary, Century, New York,
1911, Revised
GRIEB Grieb, Dictionary of the German and English Language, Neff,
Stuttgart, 1880
OXFORD The Oxford English Dictionary, Clarendon Press, Oxford,
England, 1933, vols 1 Ð 12
HUNTER Hunter, The Encyclopedic Dictionary, Syndicate, Philadelphia,
l894
WRIGHT Wright, Joseph, The English Dialect Dictionary, G. P. Putnams
Sons, New York, 1903.
ZELL Colange, Zell's Popular Encyclopedia, Zell, Philadelphia, 1871
Reprinted with permission