Mystics With Hands

John S. Stokes Jr. (Second Draft, 1980 - some editing) CONTENTS i Preface 1 World Needfor Mysticism 2 Personal Need for Mysticism 3 Inspiration and Insights 4 Recollections 5 Growth Model 6 ConversionPurgative Ascent 8 Affective Ascent 9 Soul 10 Luminous Descent 11 Luminous Ascent 12 Wisdom Descent 13 Soul Ascent 14 Heavenly UnionSpirit Descent 16 Intercession 17 Love of Neighbor 18 Peaceable Ascent 19 Heavenly Descent 20 Re-Creation 21 Pleuromic Ascent 22 Church 23 Society 24 World MYSTICS WITH HANDS PREFACE This book is a testimony to nature, to the material world, as a mirror of the subtle, spiritual world - a mirror of its truths and of its life, growth and movement. More specifically, it is a testimony to the truth that if nature is seen and loved as such a mirror, we are able to discern, understand and learn from it the movements and perfecting of our ascetic and mystical growth in knowledge, love and service of God, nature's creator. This came to be understood by me through a thirty years' intense study of and meditation on religious nature symbolism, and in particular of the symbolism of flowers and gardens - focused in the work of Mary's Gardens, a prayerful, religious work carried forward with Edward A. G. McTague of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Bonnie Roberson of Hagerman, Idaho. After some twenty-five years of deep absorption in the formal religious symbolism of nature - especially as preserved in the religious names of flowers and plants from the secular religious traditions from the countrysides of medieval Christendom - it came to be clear to me that nature, including the discoveries and inventions of the natural sciences, is also a mirror of the life of the soul, into which we have only to learn to look, to make this life visible. . Prior to this discovery, mystical growth of soul in the intimate love and service of God had to me only been a remote possibility suggested by the writings of the saints and mystics. After it, I perceived that it was evidently a very real, simple, direct, immediate possibility, realizable through the daily watching of nature to discern the progress and next steps of soul life and growth. Once this discovery became part of consciousness, about five years ago, an alertness of discernment developed which I was able apply to both daily sense perceptions and experiences, and also to the intuitions, imaging and dreams which arose interiorly - until this became a second sense and psychological matrix for life. In this way, a general familiarity with mysticism, from reading, received an immediacy of focus in daily perceptions of the mirroring of nature, and of my total human and social environment . . . the consequences of which, over a five year period from 1976 to I980, are set forth herein. The other dimension of this book is the quest to discern how the fruits of mystical life and growth can be applied to the building of a peaceful, just and loving social order, the Peaceable Kingdom on earth. This is seen as a completing of the circle, where the mystical insights and fullness fostered by nature are then transformed into discernments and promotion of the moral uses and governances of nature to be exercised for the building of the Kingdom. In speaking of the relationship between the physical order and the moral order, I am moved to quote from Auguste Nicolas who, writing in the tradition of St. Anselm, observes: "It is through images taken entirely from nature that the Wisdom which created it makes itself intelligible to men - The poetry of the Gospel has introduced into the material order the same revolution that the divine teaching it expresses has made in the moral order. It has restored sensible nature in the truth of its creation, just as its teaching has restored human nature similarity - the physical world is no other than an admirable symbol of the moral world, just as the moral world in its turn becomes the symbol of the physical world. But the starting point of this reciprocal relationship, the prototype, the seal of this marvelous correspondence is the moral world, the universal truth of God, his eternal Word, 'by whom all things were made, and without whom nothing that has been made, was made ' "This is why when this same Word was born of Mary to put his seal on his work, when he remade the moral world, he remade in a way the physical world, he created a new heaven and a new earth " The quotation from Nicolas leads me to expressions of thanks and appreciation to all those who have contributed so much to the insights set forth in the present book. That is, the bringing to my attention of Nicolas' book by Mother Guadalupe of the Sisters of the Assumption, of Ravenhill Academy in Philadelphia, typifies the Providential munificence of God by which so many, many good things have come to me, at just the right time - as did, also, the giving to me of this book from the Ravenhill library by Mother Sheila, almost fifteen years later, so I could check these references. I wish to give special thanks to my parents, Stogdell Stokes and May Stokes, who conveyed to me from my earliest years a concrete sense of the goodness of creation; of the importance of committing oneself to the discovery of its truths; and of the possibility for each individual to "make a difference". Edward A. G. McTague, my founding partner of Mary's Gardens, was like a second father to me - a spiritual, mystical father - for twenty-five years, after my father died in I947. I wish to express special appreciation also to Bonnie Roberson, my partner in Mary's Gardens, who carried on it's day-to-day practical work and promotion - especially of the miniature, dish Mary Gardens - for some fifteen years. Finally, 1 wish to express special appreciation to Marion M. Stokes, whose intense commitment to building welI-lived lives and a human world order is an overwhelming inspiration, challenge and test. WORLD NEED FOR MYSTICISM Clearly, additional human resources must be developed to meet the challenge of the world crisis of the 20th Century precipitated by the philosophical, psycho-biogical, social, scientific, technological and political developments stemming from the Renaissance and industrial revolution of the West. The specifics of the crisis are so widely recognized that the barest mention suffices to call them to mind: depletion of natural resources; unbalancing and poisoning of the natural environment, unjust distribution of the necessities of life and of wealth; blocks to equalization and justice because of national and international power struggles; diversion of productive capacity and raw materials into military armaments, the threat of nuclear destruction; terrorism; increasing world population pressures on food production and distribution, intense religious and ideological differences and discrimination, manipulation, exploitation and oppression of various nations, classes and cultural groups. FuIIy evident is the need for a remedial response to these threatening trends, which will bring peace and cooperation through more just distribution of necessities and wealth; elimination of discrimination, exploitation and oppression; healing of the natural environment; protection and implementation of long term use, conservation and regeneration of resources; material sufficiency and equal rights for all; and fullest opportunity of human development and creativity for all - and, more basically, a basis for unity which will make such peace and cooperation possible. The thesis of this book is that an acceptable, emerging, attainable spiritual basis for the needed unity is contained in the aggregate of the world's great religious traditions, and is being clarified by inter-religious and intercultural communication, interaction, confrontation and dialogue - in the general context of comparative religion and psychological study of consciousness - being brought about by the social and psychological contraction of the world through modern travel, communications and political confrontation. More specifically, the thesis is that psychological study of consciousness is rediscovering empirically the various subtle or spiritual components of human nature - including some which the evidently survive the death of the physical body - and that this rediscovery gives new clarity, plausibility and imperative to the traditional religious teachings that the immaterial and eternal realm - from which revelations have come, to which the mystics have been elevated, and to which departed souls go - constitutes a transcendent locus of reality, importance and purpose which can provide the basis for the religious unity, commitment and effectiveness necessary for the resolution of the problems of the material world. The world clearly is yearning for a universal religious resurgence which will overcome cultural, regional and discernable separation, alienation, violence and conflict - and provide the basis for world peace, justice, love and prosperity. The book begins from the belief that the world was created by a God who had and has an overall discernable will and purpose, including the establishment of the Peaceable Kingdom on earth, as well as an overall plan, with contingencies, for voluntary human participation in achieving that purpose. It then proceeds to demonstrate that such a yearning is in the process of being fulfilled, and such a purpose and plan are in the process of being realized, as discernable in world trends and events - and that by being made conscious, the process can be greatly enhanced. Up until the modern period the differences and isolation of the diverse revelations, and the mystical experiences within these revelations, of the present day major religious traditions (e.g. Tribal, Judaic, Christian, Taoist, Buddhist, Hindu and Islamic) have appeared incompatible, if not contradictory or at least psychologically irreconcilable (cf. Katz, "Mysticism and philosophical Analysis) - especially across political boundaries. However, from psychological research into consciousness, a different approach emerges, which appears to contain a basis for unity. While definitive studies capable of universal acceptance are still awaited, there is a accumulating body of data and hypotheses from the scientific study of widely reported phenomena of extra-sensory perception, psychokinesis, clairvoyance, auras, out-of-body experiences, faith healing, miracles, psychedelic "trips", Kremlin photography, spiritual heremetics, mediumship, near-death experiences, particle physics, etc.. which supports the traditional religious claims of revelations, saints, mystics, yogis, llluminists, esotericists, chemists, adepts, initiates, theosophists, etc. that our human nature has various subtle, spiritual modalities, extensions and survivals, in addition to our gross, dense, physical, biological body-brains. Of the wide diversity of experiences, perceptions, distinctions, names and modalities reported or hypothesized in the psychology of consciousness a number have long been recognized in the asceticism and mysticism of the major religious traditions, including the: Physical Body-Brain Subconscious Conscious, and Super-conscious, including Soul, Spirit, Vital Body (Etheric Body, including Aura) Spiritual Heart (Astral Body) Mental Body (Spiritual Mlnd or House of Wisdom)) Spiritual vessel (Heavenly Body) Empyrean Heaven Angels, and Divinity which will be examined in detail in subsequent chapters. This thesis is not derived from academic scholarship in comparative religions or parapsychology, but is based on an intense personal searching of the principle religious traditions over a lifetime, with recourse to persons and written sources providentially available or made present to me, as I sought understanding and illumination as to how consciously to shepherd the soul's ascetic and mystical growth and development within and through these various modalities, in the context of accumulate human experience. The very fact that the challenges of personal religious experience and quest led me "outside" my own maturely embraced religious tradition - Christian, Roman Catholic - to find needed understanding and answers - but without ever moving me to reject belief in or fidelity to this tradition - leads me to the hope that religious seekers from other traditions, too, are finding answers from traditions other than their own - remaining anchored in their own traditions, yet discovering richness in, and unity with, all major traditions. This leads to the further hope of the wide-spread discovery of a religious unity among diversity of sufficient universality to provide the basis for a social transcendence of religious, racial, cultural, class, national and ideological barriers to world Unity . - to open the way for the reconciliation of major world divisions, and for the building of the Peaceable Kingdom. This is proposed, concretely out of the conviction that differences in the particular contents of religious experience can be demonstrated to be diverse manifestations of the one and same over-all unfolding of soul growth - in various dimensions of the subtle, spiritual, human modalities - which are the endowed potential of all human beings, by nature. To illustrate this, the following example is drawn from the immediacy of personal experience (which will be dealt with more fully ln Chapter 11 on the Luminous Ascent). To wit, when I read in Carl Jung's "The Secret of the Golden Flower" some thirty years ago, that the spiritual lotuses described by the teachings of Hindu Kundalini Yoga, as opening up at various subtle bodily centers as the Kundalini force rises from lts generative source at the base-of-spine center I assumed that they were of a specific, inherent number and order and composition as to number of petals in specific association with the experience in Hindu tradition, - just as all human beings normally have the same number of bodily parts. Such reported subtle spiritual phenomena seemed so remote, irrelevant, and even bizarre, as far as I was concerned, that I had no inclination or occasion to pursue this line of inquiry further at the time. Thirty years later, however, I turned to this material again, intuition an endeavor to understand and to nurture a number of lotuses or flowers which I sensed through intuition, inspiration, dreams, and envisionings were in the process of unfolding somewhere and somehow within my own subtle spiritual self. Discerning that for me the subtle flowers and their petals were spiritually correlated with an intensification of preoccupation with the Christian virtues, beatitudes, charisms, works of mercy and divine praises, I became convinced.- in attempting to reconcile them with what I could find out about the lotuses of Kundalini Yoga - that spiritual flowering or inflorescence was a universal human spiritual potential - and that the particular inflorescences unfolding in any given instance evidently could vary in accordance with the religious tradition within which the particular individual ascetical and mystical growth were taking place. This conviction was supported by a perusal of a number of additional books which I found had been translated or published in English on Kundalini Yoga ln the intervening years, showing wide variations in the lotuses described, even within the experience of different Eastern religious traditions. Further, the notion of a subtle, spiritual flowering no longer seemed alien or bizarre to me, for I had by now encountered many uses of floral imagery to describe ascetic and mystical growth in Judeo-Christian scriptures and tradition; for example: "Open up your petals, like roses planted near running waters: send up the sweet odor of incense, break forth in blossoms like the lily. Send up the sweet odor of your hymn of praise; bless the Lord for all he has done." (Sirach 39: 13, 14). But, more importantly, through this particular spiritual experience, I arrived at the general insight that for every ascetic and mystical experience and development there discernible evidently a corresponding discernible change of personal subtle, spiritual structure and function, form and process - just as neurological changes are associated with the functioning of the brain. I came to see that the language used by the Mystics was in some way actually descriptive of ascetic and mystical life and experience, rather than some form of poetic imagery or figure of speech. The mansions of St. Teresa's Interior Castle, the pillars of the biblical House of Wisdom, the steps of the Ladder to Heaven, the welling up of living waters from the heart, and the drawing of heavenly, light all appeared to me in a different light once the key was found in the initial discovery of the parallel of the soul's flowering in Eastern religious traditions to the flowers of the virtues, beatitudes, charisms, mercies and praises of Christian life and experience. I reached the conclusion that the ineffability of much mystical experience, and the divergent images employed in the writings of different mystics - which have been submitted as reasons why it is not possible to claim equivalences or even comparability between the mystical traditions of the great world religions - can indeed be encompassed in a common hypothesis and model in terms of the subtle para-psychological and spiritual structure and function humanly common to them all. The existence of a deeper, mystical unity of the major religions makes it possible to see how each of these religions in its cultural, historical development has manifested diverse but equally important characteristics of the one universal human mystical experience, so that each, with equal dignity and significance, and without superiority or inferiority, or prejudice or depreciation to any, can be envisaged and understood as one part or facet of the whole - but without in any way blurring or merging the distinctions between them. ln addition to providing a new basis for world unity at a deeper psychological and spiritual level, this also opens up the way for each great religious culture and tradition to oontribute to all the others' deepening mystical insights and experience, and thus to the total mystical experience of the world . , . with an inevitably greatly heightened influx of the power of divine love into social, national and international life, with consequent transcendence of divisions and alienations, as a major break through towards the building of the Peaceable Kingdom in unity, cooperation, love, justice and equality. PERSONAL NEED FOR MYSTICISM Viewed from a more immediate, practical, every day level, it is common experience that the present human condition indignations characterized by an all-pervasive pressure and weight of disharmony and indignation resulting from feelings of psychological competitiveness and aggression - or of apathy and indifference - on the part of others, and of social contempt, exclusion, unequal opportunity, dominance, exploitation and injustice - repeated over and over again in one way or another each day. While this weight is lifted somewhat where love prevails, and where legal and economic recognition and implementation of equality, freedom, justice and human and civil rights are established; even then the weight still remains of the practical family, political and social problem of how to reach voluntary agreement or consensus on group decisions, policies and actions among those of differing viewpoints, and of the inertia and pettiness which tend to pervade the bureaucracy required to administer social programs of justice. Thus, on the level of everyday personal relationships, as well as of the relationships between persons as members of religious, cultural, ethnic, ideological, national, caste, class or interest groups. there is a universal need and yearning for unity and peace as in the area of broader group relationships, alienation in the area of personal relationships is experienced as the consequence of an exaggerated personal identification in value with the gross, mundane, secular, physical, material modality of life - to the neglect of the development of and articulation in the subtle, spiritual modalities through which the unltlng and peacemaking virtues of fidelity, truth, justice. reason, love, freedom and social responsibility can be nurtured and strengthened to provide the matrix for harmonious and creative social and personal life. While this is widely recognized, it is not adequately acted upon . . . evidently because of either a lack of faith in the more enduring spiritual dimension of life, or because of a lack of sufficient spiritual strength to live this faith. Here, again, the conclusion seems inescapable that the over-all remedy to life's problems lies in the nurturing of the personal ascetical and mystical experience and growth which corroborate the tenets of religious faith, and provide the necessary spiritual strength to act according to that faith. Once the subtle, spiritual life of the soul is developed and strengthened, the problems of social and personal alienation and conflict take on a very different cast. It is precisely when the life of the soul and spirit are indeed more real and valued to us than mundane possessions, gratifications or dominance that we are moved to love our enemies, return good for evil, turn the other cheek, give our other coat, go the second mile and refrain from judgement of others ln mundane life, and to build a just social order, rather than perpetuating conflict. We no longer countenance or tolerate the dragging down or submerging of our souls in the discursiveness and violence of mundane struggles and conflicts, because this means the loss and exclusion of the regenerative, peacemaking movements of the life of the Spirit within us. Yet our increase in love of neighbor prevents us from withdrawing from the mundane scene into any kind of personal or social refuge or utopia. We remain involved and concerned with the life of our time and place, but without reciprocating or escalating violence. Always, we seek the soul and spiritual strength of peacemakers, to enable us to reach out in peace to those with whom we interact mundanely, to inspire, prompt and assist others in liberating and strengthening their souls, and to beseech them to help us do likewise, so that, together, we and they can live the life of the Spirit "in the world, but not of lt." To propose the need for spiritual strength sufficient to overcome personal and social problems is certainly not novel. What is proposed here, more specifically, is that there are discernable, developable unfoldings of structure and function in the subtle, spiritual modalities of our nature which correlate with and implement the development of spiritual strength for peace; and that the understanding of such correlations provides us with a rational, intelligible matrix to follow in the effective nurturing of the ascetic and mystical growth needed for such strength. Ample classical texts of mystical experience and autobiography exist to describe the various stages of ascetic and mystical growth, but they have not been correlated with a universal model of the subtle, spiritual, para-psychological, structural and functional development underlying them. The present endeavor will be to undertake the development of such a proposed growth model, showing how it correlates with and unites material from a number of these texts. To give greater specificity to what is meant by this correlation, the example given in the preceding chapter is returned to, namely that of the flowering, or illuminative inflorescence, of the soul. As stated, the possibility of a general correlation between increased spiritual strength, on the one hand, and subtle, spiritual growth and development, on the other, occurred to me through the personal experience of a pronounced strengthening of inclination to act In accordance with the virtues, beatitudes and works of mercy, which was manifested concurrently with the discerned opening of corresponding subtle flowers in my soul and spiritual heart. (How such discernments are arrived at is described In the following chapter.) In examining this more closely, I discerned that the inflorescence of my soul took place after it had moved through my subtle members - specifically, after it had overflowed - in its liberation, mellowing and growth - from my vital body Into my spiritual heart. After experiencing still further conscious spiritual growth - with further discerned correlating movements and inflorescences of my soul and subtle members, I conceived the general model of personal subtle spiritual growth which Is set forth here. I then extended the model to encompass the necessary contribution of personal spiritual growth, now understood in this way, to the building of a peaceful and just world order, and specifically to the overcoming of our present, prevailing condition of social and personal alienation and conflict, and resulting paralysis. Finally, I perceived that subtle growth and development of soul and our other members was part of all religious, moral and ethical activity, and not just specifically mystical life and growth, and therefore was a universal human phenomenon and potential. As widely recognized In relation to the life of prayer and mysticism generally, we are not dealing here with a matter of cause-and-effect technique, or 'how to", because spiritual growth Is ultimately a matter of God's work In the soul, with which we cooperate. Finally, the strength to which God calls us in his providential wisdom and solicitousness may include the strength of participation In Jesus' redemptive mortification, suffering, atonement, purging and expiation - as well as of overt personal and social peacemaking. What we are called to, in the most general sense, is an openness, a self-emptying and an abandonment to providence, as an act of faith - leaving the growths, diminutions and fruits to God, whose power operates most perfectly through our humility and weakness. It is hoped that this examination of Mystical potential will provide a basis on which those who seek social solutions through natural, secular goodness, truth, justice. knowledge and wisdom will reconsider the contribution of religious solutions. It is hoped, further, that it will be helpful to those who experience mystical stirrings and wonder how to respond to them in our contemporary world. And above all, this book is written for 'working' mystics - those totally committed to seeking ways of opening up personal and world access to God's love, that the Peaceable Kingdom may come soon. We all have our opportunities for the continuing development and use of our potentialities, and we are each to face our own diminishment and death - the totality of which can be directed toward the culmination of the salvation of the world and the building of the Heavenly Kingdom. INSPIRATION AND INSIGHTS Since inspiration and insights into mystical experience are to be promoted through discernment and nurturing of the growth and development of our subtle modalities with which such experience can be correlated, it is necessary to ascertain how such discernment can be made. Hindu tradition teaches that these modalities manifest themselves in the "dream state", where we are able to discern them by a gentle inward turning of the senses and faculties of our ordinary conscious 'waking state", (Rene Guénon, Man and His Becoming According to the Vedanta, p. ) discernment of each. My first discernment of such a subtle growth process was of an inwardly sensed flowering of heart and soul, as described in the first chapter. After this initial experience, I consciously sought to encourage further imagery disclosing changes in subtle structure and function correlating with mystical growth, in accordance with the teaching, "ask and you will receive, seek and you will find, knock and lt will be opened to you." Such images then began emerging through waking inspiration, dreams, and moments of drowsing or awakening. I felt this approach was corroborated by the reports of recognized mystics as to how they obtained some of their insights. For example, St. Teresa of Avila wrote in "The lnterior Castle": "An idea occurred to me which I will explain, and which will serve as a foundation for what I am about to write. I thought of the soul as resembling a castle, formed by a single diamond or a very transparent crystal, and containing many rooms, just as in heaven there are many mansions." What gradually unfolded for me was a vision of my vital or spiritual body, the initial seat of my soul, surrounded by the envelopes of my astral body or spiritual heart, and my mental body, or house of wisdom - into which my soul flowed successively in preparation for its entrance into the spiritual corridor of heavenly ascent. With this explanation, the following are in further detail some of the spiritual perceptions of mystical life and growth which prompted the writing of this book. The first perceptions of this spiritual journey were pre-conversion experiences. These came about after two years of intensive psychological self-examination and resolve, in which I had rejected all identifications of my self in value, that I could discern, with religious, cultural, racial, national, class, educational and family reflexes, stereotypes, conventions, norms and institutions, in the belief that if I opened up my psyche in an embrace of the cosmos, I would then tap a source of cosmic love which would enable me to help reach across the institutional barriers to human love and cooperation, which seemed to be at the root of wars and other social conflict. Then, some months after the dropping of the first atomic bomb at Heroshima, I experienced a vision of the world floating in space orbited by hundreds of satellites armed with and triggered to drop atomic bombs at a signal. Facing psychologically for the first time the possibility of the destruction of the world, or at least of modern civilization, I was pervaded with a sense of fear. But almost immediately I was overwhelmed with a much stronger sense of the supreme power of love. This heartened me in my belief that somewhere there was a source of love that was even greater than the threat of atomic destruction, so I pressed on with my efforts towards ever more thoroughgoing rooting out of identifications in value with finite constructs, so that I could open myself up to universal love. Contrary to my expectations, however, when I reached the point where I felt l had somehow liberated my soul for such an opening, I had a terrifying sense that it was hurtling through cold and threatening reaches of outer space, in great danger. But again there was a resurgent sense of love; but this time more specifically of a loving God who watches over us providentially, and who therefore must have established some traditional or institutional truth source on earth to lead all persons to universal love. Acting on this, I then abandoned my efforts towards total non-identificatlon, and began a search for a tradition or institution which I could embrace. During a period of inability to find such a tradition or institution, my soaring soul had further threatening experiences, giving still greater urgency to my quest for a divinely established repository of the love which can overcome the world. This finally lead to my experience of conversion to Roman Catholicism, as described in the chapter on Conversion. Shortly after my conversion, I began an extensive reading of Catholic books and periodicals - with which I had no previous acquaintance, other than a reading of St. Augustine's "Confessions". In one magazine I read an article, in 1947, about a garden at St. Joseph's Church, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, which was a 'Mary Garden", entirely planted with flowers which in medieval popular religious traditions of the European countryside were seen as symbols of the life and attributes of the Virgin Mary. I was strongly attracted to this idea, and made several visits to the Woods Hole Garden in the ensuing years, including one with my friend, Edward A. G. McTague, whom I discovered had been equally attracted to this idea on learning that the flower name, 'Marigold", was a contraction of "Mary's Gold" and was symbolic of Mary's glorification in heaven. Ed McTague and I undertook extensive research into the medieval Flowers of Our Lady, planted Mary Gardens of our own, and founded an avocational project, Mary's Gardens, to promote the growing of such gardens by others. Some years later, I was able to articulate what these gardens meant to me mystically, after discovering that a new garden I had planted was radiant in the light of the setting sun shining through a gap in some trees for several days around the summer solstice: "The plants and blooms bring us testimony of the deep piety of a former age when Christian love and devotion were mirrored in even the 'little' things of daily life. With penetratlng clarity and impact we are struck by the imprint of intimate devotion as out of the silence of the centuries the bloom clusters once again come into focus as religious symbols of Mary. . . Thus composed and recollected, we are moved to lift our hearts and minds to Mary in contemplation in the peace and quiet of her garden. As we do, her flowers seem to glow about her image, filled with the radiance of her virtues and graces and permeating us with a sense of the unfolding of spiritual life and growth. Plunged, as it were, into the interior of Mary in contemplation, we begin to take root and sustenance in her as our Spiritual Mother and Earthly paradise." ("Queen of the Missions", May, 1955, p. 44; "Queen of All Hearts", May. 1960 p. ) Little did I realize at that time that some twenty years later I would indeed inwardly discern the unfolding of subtle flowers within my heart and soul (as described in the first chapter). After sensing the opening of an infinite-petaled flower at the apex of my spiritual heart, correlating with an outpouring of angelic praises of God, and an overflowing of my soul into my mental body, I experienced a new kind of insight. I received the strong impression that I was now to experience the building of a house of wisdom in my mental body, through the praying of the seven Liturgical Hours each day, and the Office for the Dedication of a Church. While I was pondering what form this house might take, and ruminating on the scriptural passage, "Wisdom built herself a house, she has set up her seven columns." (Prov. 9:1), one of my sons (who knew nothing of my preoccupation with this) startled me by showing me a sketch of a house he had made for his French class (for affixing the French names for the rooms, features and contents), based on a Buckminster Fuller geodesic spherical dome, divided into floors supported by a central column. This instantly lead to my envisioning that the house of wisdom was to be formed in my mental body with the floors being seven concentric extensions, as it were, of the seven daisy-like flowers dividing my spiritual heart into mansions of the soul. Some months later I discerned the descent and positioning of the spiritual vessel for the guidance of my soul's rising to heaven from this house of wisdom. This occurred while I was contemplating a tall, thin skyscraper, the Hancock Tower, visible towards the south from the window of my then residence in Boston. For some months I had sensed that this building was like a large needle or pointer which, together with a cross on nearby Trinity Church in Copley square, swept the heavens as the earth rotated. As I contemplated it, I would feel the earth rotate. Then one night this sense of rotation stopped, and the tower took on the vertical dynamics of a ladder, corridor or vortex rlslng to heaven. This conveyed to me that my subtle bodies, as an aggregate, were no longer rotating in mundane orientation, but were now affixed to a passageway to heaven. Immediately the image of the typical Christian church building, topped with its spire or steeple, became a powerful symbol for me of the interior subtle house of wisdom, with the cone or vortex of the spiritual vessel rising from it. Some months after this (having by then for some them experienced the welling of my soul upwards by the waters of grace flowing from my heart), I experienced the soul-raislng attraction of spiritual light during a seven hour drive from Philadelphia to Boston on a beautiful, sun-drenched late summer day. As I beheld the beauties of the golden rod, yellow daisies and the yellow leaves of the trees, I experienced awe, and was raised in contemplation to the beauty of God. This in turn seemed to impart an aura to the flowers and leaves, serving to raise my soul still further, before the shining of God's countenance. This brought a new outburst of radiance to nature, giving me an intuitive sense of the reflected or mirrored image of God's face, in utter resplendence. At the end of the journey, I drove onto the elevated section of the Massachusetts Turnpike in Boston, towards the Prudential Tower sparkling in the late afternoon sun. Just as I beheld the buildings of central Boston, like a heavenly city, bathed in sunlight, the sun burst through the rear window of the car, reflecting in the rear view mirrors and the glass of the dashboard in an explosion of glory. I knew inwardly inwardly that the apex of my soul had risen to the empyrean heaven. Three months later I experienced from outward signs a further development of my subtle spiritual life. The exposure of the apex of my soul to the interior light of heaven had made me deeply conscious of all the imperfections of soul which prevented it from being a spotless prism and mirror. Moved by this to acts of immolation and annihilation of soul, I beheld one evening the lighting of the annual giant Christmas tree erected at the Prudential Plaza as a gift to the City of Boston from the people of Nova Scotia. That night, I dreamed that while I was watching the tree, its apex with lighted star rose and disappeared from view, lost in the starry sky above - but then descended, gyrating, and returned to its place. This told me that from the empyrean heaven, my spirit, the apex of my soul, had risen to adoptive absorption into the interior of the heaven of the Trinity, of the Trinitarian Godhead, even though the imperfections remaining in my soul prevented more than this apex from doing so. One evening a year later as I saw the branches and golden lights of that year's Prudential PIaza Christmas Tree undulating in the night wind they imaged for me the myriads of angels and souls rising and descending in their spiritual vessels between earth and heaven under the overall canopy of Mary's Mantle. During a period when I was meditating on and contemplating the spiration and sending forth of the Holy Spirit by the Father and the Son, I attended a lecture demonstration of a large laser while visiting the Boston Museum of Science. The lecturer's explanation of how energy originating at one mirror reflected back and forth between it and a second mirror, building up in intensity until it burst outwards through an aperture in the second mirror, provided a basis on which I could envisage the intensity of the Holy Spirit of love generated between the Father and the Son "ad intra" and its precessing "ad extra" through the Son to the world. In this, I sensed that my soul which had first been rising to mystical absorption of rest in the Trinity was then participatively irradiated and strengthened to emerge from this rest and to return, under the impelling of the Holy Spirit, from heaven to earth in love of neighbor and of the building of the Peaceable Kingdom. While I was pondering how the soul could thus be instrumentive of the radiance, grace, truth and power of the Trinity in the world, my eye was arrested at a gallery exhibition by a pastel drawing, entitled "parallel vision". This work, which the artist told me was inspired by the rays of sun breaking through the morning mists on the Maine seacoast, gave me a vision of the eye of the soul, both emitting and receiving: diffractingly transmitting rays of heavenly light to and within the world in accordance with the envisioning of love; receiving back from the world in radar fashion loving discernments of soul and kingdom needs; and then, again, diffractingly emitting transforming light, grace, truth and power in more finely attuned infusion and action on souls and world, so as to move them towards Kingdom. A final instance: while ruminating on how at the Parousia all fullness would dwell in Christ, I entered the dream state and envisioned an extension of the laser insight described above. I envisioned that after its redemption by Christ and its renewal by the Holy Spirit, the face of the earth and all dwelling in it, now transformed and transfigured in the New Heaven and New Earth, are to become one great spotless mirror, reflecting back the laser beam of the Holy Spirit - emitting from the Trinity and fanned out through the lens of the Dlvlne Word onto the world - such that it converged back through the Word into the laser of the Trinity and then out again, in an endless circulating flow of light of ever increasing intensity of love. Further, I envisaged that the eyes of our soul, now permanently lifted up to heaven with our souls and resurrected bodies, are to become merged with the lens of the Word, receiving and then reflecting back the glory of the Father, face to Face through all eternity. As Auguste Nicolas percelved over a hundred years ago: "We do not hesitate to say that if the order of the natural sciences, without neglecting their scientific processes, profoundly reflects Jesus Christ and his mysteries, it soars indeed much higher than nature; it pushes farther ahead in its secrets, and it arrives, as though by the formula of a transcendental and divine alphabet, at marvellous illuminations which associate it with the vision of angels, and anticipates some of the answers that are reserved for us by eternity." "La Vierge Marie dans le Plan Divin", Vatan Freres, Paris, I869, p. 437, translated) Supplementing such pivotal envisaging were myriads of insights, words and phrases emerging within consciousness during prayer or rumination, or coming to me through the Liturgy of the Mass or Hours, from reading, TV, or conversation with others. These examples are described to give a sense of the sources of the insights of this book, but, more importantly, on behalf of the conviction that such insights are available to us all, as part of our human potential. Paraphrasing what has been said about artists: a mystic is not a special kind of person; rather, every person is a special kind of mystic. Intuition, insights, inspirations, envisionings and dreams are universally experienced, and are thus available to provide answers to questions regarding the unfoldings of subtle spiritual growth. "Young men will dream dreams, and old men will see visions " From the outset, however, my faith in God, the Sacred Scriptures and the Church moved me always to pray for enlightenment; to search the scriptures, and to look for guidance from saints and theologians when endeavoring to interpret my experiences of spiritual growth, and also to look to parallels in the sacred texts, teachings and insights from other religious traditions, where applicable - all within the purview of the teaching Magisterium of the Church. RECOLLECTIONS After learning how to discern ascetic, mystical growth and movements of soul through the gentle inward turning of the senses and faculties, and then through providentially presented content of daily waking experience, I then realized that it was possible also to discern in retrospect mystically significant unconscious movements and events from my earlier years which would provide important further self-knowledge, and knowledge of the over-all process of ascetic, mystical growth. Accordingly, some autobiographical data is included here, together with its retrospective interpretation. When in middle life I asked my mother what was her recollection of my earliest mystical stirrings as a child, she raccounted to me the following incident. As a Catholic who subsequently was converted to the Society of Friends (Quakers) on marrying my father, a "birthright Friend", she had instructed me in the life of Christ, but only up to the point of the Crucifixion. However, when I was about five years old I came across a picture in a religious calendar depicting Christ's ascension into heaven, and asked her to explain it to me. When she told me some people believed that after Jesus was crucified, died and was buried, he arose again from the dead and ascended into heaven, I asked her: "By what means was he propelled, and how fast did he go?" and kept coming back to this again and again whenever she would discuss Jesus with me. One of the first books I read was Charles Lindbergh's "We", which whetted an appetite in me for flying in airplanes. When I was nine, my father arranged for me to learn model airplane building from a friend's son who was active in a chapter of the Philadelphia Model Airplane Association. Building model airplanes became my passion of those years, and by the time I was thirteen I had competed in Philadelphia, Atlantic City, Akron, New York, St. Louis, Boston and Detroit, and held a number of world records for indoor model airplanes. As a result of these competitions, I won a number of flights at local airports, and one flight to Washington as guest of the National Aeronautical Association. Also, I became an avid reader of science fiction, and when I went to boarding school ln Boston at the age of thirteen, my mother went to considerable difficulty to obtain for me a mail order subscription for a science fiction magazine, "Wonder Stories", which I read regularly - normally distributed only through newsstands. A number of science fiction stories became for me "morality plays", which I have kept with me all through life. Prior to this, I attended a Quaker school in Philadelphia for five years, where the mystic, Rufus Jones, was a frequent speaker at the Thursday meetings for worship. The possibility of "flying" mystically was first introduced to me when I met a man who had read extensively about "out of body experiences" in various subtle realms. I subsequently learned more of this from an associate who described to me his personal experiences in this area. Encounter with the breadth of mystical literature came when I became friends with Hale Sutherland, a Quaker professor of civil engineering at Lehigh University - where I had taken up the study of engineering after two years of studying the sciences and liberal arts at Harvard - and who had an extensive library of books on mysticism, assembled with a focus on religious healing. At the time I was unable to relate to these books out of my own experience any more than I was able to relate to "out of body experiences", but I was at least made aware of the vast body of literature on mysticism. And, it was through him that I read Carl Jung's book, "The Secret of the Golden Flower", which thirty years later was to provide, providentially a most important key for my nurturing of mystic life and growth, as already mentioned. After this, I now realize ln retrospect, I was led by affinity and providence to a number of friendships and interests which served to cultivate my soul mystically, even though I did not have the basis for perceiving this or consciously seeking it at the time. Thus, an intense interest in hot jazz contributed significantly to the awakening, quickening and mellowing of my soul. An interest in general semantics and study with Alfrsd Korzybski provided a means of loosening some of the discursive reasoning imprisoning my soul. My friendship with artist, Richard Pousette-Dart, introduced me to the visual and conceptual liberation of non-objective and abstract expressionist art. The poetry of Walt Whitman and the novels of Thomas Wolf opened up new vistas of freedom and the fullness of life. An intense search for sources of love which would make possible peaceful solutions of world conflicts liberated me from many religious, cultural, racial, social spiritual and political stereotypes. As previously mentioned, in my late twenties, as I embraced Catholicism, the resolution of what previously had been manifested to me as a contradiction between God's love and goodness, on the one hand, and the injustices, pain, illness, violence and death of the world, on the other. While taking evening courses ln Catholic social teaching I entered into contact and friendship with Edward A. G. McTague, a deeply mystical person, with whom I subsequently founded and developed the avocational project, Mary's Gardens. This opened up to my soul a perception of the mystical quality of nature, as a basis for a gentle, affective, piety, devotion and mysticism, as well as an interest in organic gardening and farming. This was augmented by active participation in the Catholic Liturgical Society and Catholic Art Association. Further, under the spiritual guidance of Father Thomas Feeney, Professor of ascetic and mystical theology of St. Charles Seminary, Philadelphia, I read and assembled a library of Catholic books, including the works of the major Catholic mystics. While once again I was unable to relate from personal experience to these mystical works, I did gain a familiarity with them which I was able to draw upon when I unexpectedly began to experience mystical stirrings within my soul in my mid-fifties, after intervening years of preoccupation largely with family, with a career of industrial management and with social justice concerns. Also, over this sweep of time, a position for a short period on the staff of the United Nations Council of Philadelphia founded by Justice Owen J. Roberts, gave new me a perspective on international relations. Also, several years of close association with Father Felix Morlion, O. P., founder of the Catholic lntercontinental Press and the Pro Deo University ln Rome, gave me liberating insights regarding news reporting, issues and trends. Five years as founding Executive Director, and later Co-Director, of the Wellsprings Ecumenical Center ln Philadelphia provided extensive opportunity for inter-religious dialogue and social cooperation, as did my participation in Metropolitan Associates of Philadelphia, an organization exploring ways of applying insights from Harvey Cox's, "The Secular City", to urban life. Also, working three years with Marion Metelits as consultant producers for the un-hosted, un-scripted un-edited local Philadelphia CBS affiliate TV series, Input, on religious and social issues, gave me insights into the medium of television. I have made this autobiographical summary mindful also of my own desire when reading the books of others, to know where the material comes from: the writer's research, idealism, or concrete experience. Since the mystically pertinent involvements just summarized were not understood as such as they occurred, the contents of chapters of this book on Conversion, the Purgative Ascent and the Affective Ascent concerning this period are placed within the matrix of ascetic, mystical life and growth ln retrospect. All subsequent chapters are based on a journal kept concurrently with the experiences of ascetic, mystical growth they are drawn from. Throughout the book, as at the times of these experiences, I have endeavored to follow the counsel of St. Paul: "Do not stifle the Spirit. Do not despise prophecies. Trust everything, retain what is good. Avoid any semblance of evil. (l Thes. 5:19-22). A final note: a question arises as to the grammatical mode ln which this book should be written. I dislike using the mode "my soul" because in my experiences I have felt a great rapport with the mystics of all religious traditions, and am convinced that I am participating, albeit in an individual way, in a unfolding of universal experience and calling. On the other hand "the soul" strikes me as too impersonal and clinical. Therefore I have elected to use the mode "our soul", to convey a sense of communion with all souls on spiritual pilgrimage. Similarly, I use the plural pronouns 'we" and "our" in speaking of all modalities and experience, since we are all "members one of another". GROWTH MODEL After experiencing the subtle, spiritual, mystical journey of soul development and movement from earth to heaven and back, I felt it imperative to find a way of envisaging the entire process, in structure and function. On reflection, and with examination of the reports of other mystics, I have selected an overall microcosmic model which seems to provide a consistent intelligible matrix for the more detailed developments and movements which will be described in the following chapters. This model is based on the hypothesis that our physical body-brain and our subtle soul, residing initially within it, are surrounded by three concentric subtle envelopes, bodies or vessels, which I found to be implicit in the Gospel exhortation: "Thou shalt love the Lord Thy God with Thy whole heart, Thy whole mind, Thy whole soul and Thy whole strength" First, our vital body, sometimes called the etheric body or etheric double - a kind of dynamic, subtle, energy matrix of the physical body-brain, and the seat of our spiritual strength: sometimes perceived as the aura. Then our spiritual heart, sometimes called the astral body, and the seat of spiritual love, virtues and uprightness. Finally, our mental body, sometimes called mind - as distinct from the physical brain - the seat of wisdom. It was my intuition, over an extended period, that our ascetic, mystical growth as experienced correlates with an unbinding, softening, growth and flowing of our souls in and from our vital body, into our spiritual heart, and then into our mental body; from thence extending to heaven within an angelically positioned spiritual vessel, cone, vortex or overshadowing, for flooding with divine light. This light is then transmitted back to the mundane level for channeling and instrumentation towards the religious works of the praise of God, the salvation of souls and the building of the Peaceable Kingdom through diffraction in the subtle pneuma of the mental body as wisdom; in the subtle elixirs of the heart as grace; and in the subtle strength of the vital body as strength. "Her soul from earth to Heaven lies, Like the ladder of the vision, Where go to and fro In ascension and dismission Star-flecked feet of paradise." - Francis Thompson, "Scala Jacobi Portaqua Eburnea" Subsequent chapters will develop this hypothesis in detail. In sum, to me these relatively few basic movements and developments of our soul, and of the subtle bodies and substances through which it moves, appear to underlie practically all the descriptions of mystical experiences and journeys encountered from the major religious traditions, no matter how complex, difficult or seemingly bizarre they sometimes were to me in specific content. As people from different religious traditions who have been at death's door and then recovered report near-death experiences characteristic of their respective beliefs and scriptures (Osis and Haroldson, "At the Hour of Death"), so do mystical experiences correspond to the traditions of the people experiencing them. While my own mystical experiences have corresponded to the Christian tradition, I propose that in their elements, and in their correspondences with our subtle members and substances, there is much in them which is common to and has clear equivalents in other traditions - with the exception that Christian mystical experiences of the Trinitarian Godhead of Father, Son and Holy Spirit are not granted a similar position in other mystical traditions. Similarly, I see the other major mystical traditions as, respectively, containing their own unique emphases which I believe have a contribution to make to all, and I consider it providential, for this reason, that the transportation and communications of the modernizing world are bringing the various traditions into closer contact and familiarity with one another, just at the time there is such a pressing need for a more universal mysticism. Notwithstanding the basic differences between the major world religions, they appear indeed to have basic elements in common in their respective ascetic, mystical experiences. This is to be expected, if ascetic, mystical development is a function of a common human nature of physical body, mind and subtle soul, vital body, spiritual heart, mental body and spiritual vessel. Ascetic, mystical development seems to begin in the various religions with disciplining, mortifying or purging of the senses, emotions and faculties of our body-mind so that our soul may be untied, become pliant and rise in our vital body, to experience further growth through imitation, meditation and contemplation - leading to an experience of love, joy, peace and compassion as the soul begins to fill the spiritual heart. The major religions appear, further, to share in common a strengthening of the spiritual heart with virtues as the soul fills it, and then to experience illumination and wisdom as the soul flows into the mental body. Finally, they all appear to share an experience of the soul rising up the spiritual vessel to the empyrean heaven, from which they enter into modes of union with the Divinity, which are experienced as ineffable. Their respective religious cultural and social organizations appear to mirror or reflect their modes of mystical union with the divinity, as a manifestation of the initially ineffable experience. This appears to be the explanation for the differences between the social orders of the various traditions - namely, that differences between impressions by or participations in God in the major religions result in differing social orders. Accordingly, I have arrived at a macrocosmic model to account, in principle, for the differences between the major religious traditions. This model proposes that in a primordial revelation to the human race, to "Adam", the associated mysticism made possible a glorious, divine illumination of the rising soul, such that, rising and descending, it was possible to perceive and "name" all the creatures of the earth in a munificent and resplendent mirroring of the manifold names and attributes of God. The model envisages, further, that this rising and descending of soul took place through a spiritual vessel or vortex of total angelic overshadowing, with the various hierarchies of angels combining to mirror to the soul the manifold attributes of God, for luminous soul transmission to instrument the mundane mirroring and naming, so that, with the fall of the human race, of "Adam and Eve", from favor and grace with God, through disobedience or other disharmony, there were introduced darkness of intellect, weakness of will and disorderly affections, such that the mystical process became subverted. Instead of seeking to mirror God's attributes on earth, it incorporated elements of human glorification, and attempted to rise to heaven on this basis - symbolized as building the Tower of Babel. As scripture tell us, the divine response was to introduce a confusion of tongues and a scattering of peopIes all over the earth - which also evidently included a confusion or fragmenting of mysticisms. As envisaged in the model, this distribution involved a division of the overshadowing angelic hierarchies among the various religion-cultures such that each hierarchy mirrored to mystically rising souls only a portion of the ineffable divine manifold; perhaps somewhat as follows: Angels - Omnipresence and Indwelling. Archangels - Resplendence of the Law. Principalities - Harmoniousness of Order Powers - Upwards Lifting of Souls Virtues - Immolative Yearning Dominations - luminous Impelling Thrones - Trinitarian praises and Spiritual Indwelling This would account for different perceptions of mystical union with God: the spiritual indwelling and vivification of the tribal religions; shining of God's countenance of Judaism; the harmony of Taoism; the the Supreme Identity of Hinduism; the Nirvana of Buddhism, the unity of God of Islam; and the Trinitarian adoption of Christianity. Similarly, it would account for the differences in essential revelation with which the soul emerges from union with God: the communality of tribal religions; the law of Israel, the Way Of Taoism, the Vedanta of Hinduism, the Boddhisvatva of Buddhism, the 2ekr of Islam, and the Trinitarian Love of Christianity. It would account, also, for the differences of focus in the religious and social orders: the oral Elders, Medicine Men and oral traditions of tribal religions, the Torah and Rabbis of Judaism, the Law and Emperors of China, the Castes and Brahmins of India, the Lamas and Monks of Buddhism, the Koran and Holy Men of Islam, and the Church and Pope of Christianity. It can be argued that the character of mystical union with God in the different traditions is determined by the differences in tongues at the scriptural, cultural and linguistic levels, such that there is a self-fulfilling mysticism. However, it is difficult to envisage how language could introduce selectivity into the illumination of soul in the empyrean realms of the angelic hierarchies and the Godhead. It seems much more plausible that the scriptures, culture and language of each tradition are received from and reinforced by the angelic mode of divine mirroring overshadowing the souls of that tradition - as Moses was instructed to make all the things of God's sanctuary according to the pattern shown him on the mountain (Exodus 26:40), and as the Trinity was revealed to Mary by the Archangel Gabriel (Luke 1:26-38). This would appear to be born out by the Canticle of Moses: "When the Most High assigned the nations their heritage, when he parceled out the descendants of NAM, he set up the boundaries of the peoples after the number of the sons of God." (Deut. 32:81) in which the "sons of God" is held to be a reference to the ministering angels for each people and nation. lt is my expectation that as peopIes from the different traditions intermingle and cooperate economically, politically, and culturally, in love, peace and justice in the highest calling of each tradition, there will then be a combining of overshadowing angelic hierarchies, such that various combined mystical experiences will occur. This potential has been demonstrated by the intermingling of Buddhism and Hinduism in India, of Buddhism and Taoism in China, of Christianity and African churches in Latin America; and by the development of the Cabala ln Islamic, Judaic and Christian medieval Europe. In sum, our composite microcosmic/macrocosmic model calls for ascetic, mystical growth and movement of soul through the vital body, spiritual heart, mental body and spiritual vessel to the empyrean heaven and Godhead, where it is gloriously illuminative ln accordance with the mirroring angelic hierarchy; and thence transmits this illumination to the mundane level for concrete channeling and instrumentation in social and cultural life. Mindful, then, that each major mystical tradition has its own mode of mystical union with God, of initial revelation, and of consequent social implementation, I now will draw from my own tradition and experience for the model for this book, leaving it to those of other traditions to draw their own parallels. Thus, our model for the steps of soul growth and movement is as follows : - Natural faculty development, for fulfillment of endowed potential - Religious conversion, for faith, hope and love - purgative/affective ascent of soul in the vital body, for liberation - Grace descent of the soul in the spiritual heart, for compassion - luminous ascent of the soul in the spiritual heart, for righteousness - Wisdom descent of the soul into the mental body, for wisdom - Soul ascent in the spiritual vessel to heaven and the godhead, for union - Charismatic descent of light, grace, truth and power in the soul to earth, for the doing God's will - Peaceable ascent of soul to heaven in communion with other souls, for the building of the Peaceable Kingdom on earth - Heavenly descent of Christ in union with the soul and subtle bodies, for the reign of Christ - Pleuromic ascent of the soul to heaven,for the building of the heavenly city. If it is generally demonstrated that this model, and variations of it adapted to other traditions, provides a basis for a universally acknowledged mysticism of soul, vital body, spiritual heart, mental body, spiritual vessel and angelic mirrorings of the divine names, attributes and persons - then the scriptures, mystical writings, modes of union with God, and religious organizations of the major religion/cultures will all become equally valued and mutually enriching facets of one grand activated human potential for instrumenting the transformation of the world by the Divine love. CONVERSION Ascetic, mystical growth requires a desire and a commitment to develop the subtle, spiritual elements of our human potential. It therefore requires knowledge of what this potential is, and also self-knowledge of our own particular individual state of development so we can foster the next steps and stages of growth as growth develops. If our ascetic, mystical growth is to be towards God, we must also grow in knowledge and love of God and of the way to God. Since the way to God transcends the scope of natural knowledge and wisdom developed from our sensory experience and reason, we must soon rely on faith, revelation and religious teaching for guidance, Religious faith, in turn, requires a conversion: and for there to be a conversion we must have some knowledge of or at least a rudimentary familiarity with what it is we are converting to. This knowledge of a faith may come to us through reading and study, but for it to be real and embraceable we most usually find it embodied in the life of a person. Therefore, it, is incumbent on those of us who do have a religious faith we wish to share with others to let our faith, or at least the fact of it, be known so that others may come to know of it in our melieu. We are not to 'hide our light, under a bushel'. In addition to a beginning knowledge or familiarity with a faith, our conversion requires that an impetus or movement towards this faith be instilled, impressed or otherwise be placed in our hearts or unconscious, so that we will be consciously prompted or urged to embrace it. We are attracted to people, things and ideas when a natural affinity for them is present in us. To be attracted to a supernatural faith, a supernatural affinity must somehow be implanted in us. In terms of our proposed model for subtle correlations to stages of ascetic, mystical growth, this would be envisaged as a subtle, spiritual impress on our soul or vital body, probably at the heart center - corresponding to what St. Paul describes as being "led by the Spirit of God - a spirit of adoption through which we cry out 'Abba' (that is, 'Father')." (Rom. 8;14,15). From the assumption that there is movement towards a full realization of order and harmony of life in the universe, we deduce that God wills the conversion of all of us to steps moving towards unity, awaiting our necessary knowledge of or familiarity with faith, to be able to respond to the impetus of the Spirit of faith with conscious conversion. However, there is another prerequisite for faith, namely a loosening, dissolving or rupturing of our previous mental patterns of life - our psychological life style, profile or belief structure which we adopted as a result of inclination, conditioning, training, experience and inquiry - so we will be open to transformation through faith, when it is spirituality impressed. Typically, it is through a strong, traumatic or even cataclysmic experience, or a series of such experiences, that such an opening in our belief structure takes place, so that we become sensitive and receptive to the impress of faith. Such a supernatural experience may involve fear for survival, awe at glimpses of power, or a contrite or remorseful sense of self-limitation, unfulfilled potential, or imperfection, in relation to Divine love and goodness, in accordance with the scriptural teaching that "fear of God is the beginning of wisdom". However, when we have a strong, traumatic or cataclysmic experience, prompting us to abandon our previous belief structure, we will then embrace what appears to us, from our experience, as the best alternative belief structure available to us - which is, typically, one we have come to know through a friend, an organization, or through reading or the communications media. This psychological process of conversion has been widely used by churches, sects, cults and mass therapy organizations - whether through confrontation with hell fire and brimstone, with one's own imperfections and untested assumptions, with some deceptive or hypnotic experience of power or light, or with some other technique of 'brainwashing", involving group and psychological pressures, chemicals, drugs, vibrations, radiations, psychic and magical forces, etc. When the fear, awe or remorse has been manipulatively induced within this overtly friendly and supportive context of the organization or community, then the community and its belief structure are immediately at hand as the alternative to be embraced. The process and movement of manipulative brainwashing are seen as a major social threat by those who seek to create a better world through the application of rational, scientific analysis to social and psychological behavior, because they seem to be generating increasing numbers of religions, sects, cults and mass therapy societies, of increasing size, whose members in many cases appear to be placing allegiance to their own groups, beliefs and leaders above human and civil rights and the democratic political process, and frequently seek positions of power and influence in government, industry and the military, to this end. I propose that the growing number of conversions, in secular societies, to organizations and movements using brainwashing or other mind control techniques is symptomatic of a loss of appreciation by the prime movers of the great world religious traditions of the indispensable importance of actively promoting conversions - particularly as mandated by Christ, for example, in his instructions to the Apostles to 'go forth and teach all notions, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit' ( ). It is paradoxical that this falling off in the traditional Apostolate of conversion has come about at the time when not only the rampant social phenomenon of conversions by and to sects, cults and mass therapies, but also the evidence of neurology, brain study and parapsychology, as well, point to conversion as an integral part of human growth potential and the life force, - and, when the need to tap mystically the source of universal love of the great world religion revelations, to transform the face of the earth to build the Peaceable Kingdom, has never been greater. The over-riding need of the world is for an Apostolate of conversion generated by an outpouring of the power of universal love - an Apostolate in which love itself gains the conversions, and not brainwashing or elitism. And, this in turn requires an ascetical, mystical reopening of hearts, minds, souls and strength to the treasuries of divine love. Secondly, with the acceptance of the potential, need and fact of the conversion process, there needs to be an envisaging of the characteristics of faith, and of believing communities, which would serve the needs of the entire world for love, peace, unity, truth, justice, equality, freedom, material sufficiency, well-being, conservation and renewal. Such characteristics would include: - A faith which provides a specific doctrinal and self-disciplinary basis for mystical growth in holiness to move us to glorify God and to reach out to all persons in self-giving love. - A faith which envisages specific developments and steps whereby the world community of nations and peoples can move from the present state of injustices, revolutions, armaments and wars to the Peaceable Kingdom of love. - A faith producing leaders of great holiness and love who contribute to human needs and inspire faith in others. - A faith which produces communities or churches of believers with whom we can share love and fellowship. - A faith which is inherently universal, all-inclusive and therefore capable of uniting with other inherently universal faiths, on the basis of the universal potential of all persons for growth ln love. - A faith which has lines of continuity from, and origins in, one or more of the great historical religions of the world. - A faith which respects human rights to freedom from coercion or surreptitious brainwashing, and to leave any church, sect or cult one wishes to. Thirdly, there must be a reconciliation of the existence of pain, sickness, injustice, conflict, violence and death in the world, and also a reconciliation of the human shortcomings of the world religion/cultures, with faith in a loving and just God. This is necessary before conversion to belief in such a God, and religious tradition and/or organization which claims to be-the repository for the valid revelations of such a God, can be accepted as reasonable, desirable. Rational, secular scientific humanism makes a most necessary contribution in calling religious adherents to 'practice what they preach'; but believers also make a most necessary contribution in calling humanists to remain open to the possibility of and conversion to a belief which encompasses resolutions to the problem of good and evil transcending rationalism. Rational aIternatives to conversion proposed by those who are enemies of faith include: reaffirmation and development of unlimited natural human potential; preventative education to deter conversion; attempted mass "de-programming" of converts to pre-conversion psychological states; or cynical acceptance of and political and economic manipulation of the present trends of competition among the various cults, sects and mass therapies in brainwashing - all of which are contrary to the potential and need for personal ascetic, mystical growth to manifest the love needed to establish the Peaceable Kingdom. On the other hand, those of us who, while not believing, recognize the warrant for a faith and a community of believers which would have the desired characteristics or marks of holiness, love, fellowship. universality, unity, justice, equality and popular continuity, remain open to the conversion experience which would enable and impel us to embrace such a faith and community concreteIy. Such a conversion may not begin as an acceptance of a faith and a community rationally, but as a spiritual impress of faith imparting a sense of the goodness of God and of Creation - which moves us to re-examine how human and religious imperfections and failings, including our own, can be reconciled with the love and goodness of God, The sense of this goodness comes from God's goodness to us personally, with all our imperfections - which makes us realize that he is also dealing wlth others personally, notwithstanding their Imperfections, and, therefore, notwithstanding the aggregate of these imperfections in their religious traditions and fellowships. God's goodness is manifested to us by his offering to us of opportunities to move towards goodness step by step - culminating ln the ultimate rising to the total goodness of the Trinitarian godhead. Thus, it is to the universal potential for ascetic, mystical life and growth in holiness that we are to look for testimony to God's goodness and for the basis of our faith. The impress of God's goodness on our souls by the Holy Spirit serves to mirror this goodness through our unconscious such that in addition to experiencing faith, we also begin to have knowledge and love of God's attributes, and to experience a desire to form or transform ourselves spiritually to conform as closely as possible with these attributes. Thus, the conversion to faith is at the same time the beginning of love of God: and is also the impetus which starts us, in love, on the path of ascetic, mystical, growth. Subsequently, at each step of growth we experience a still further impress of God's goodness, love and other attributes, which convert us anew to pursue in faith each subsequent next step of growth. At the same time, under God's nurturing providence, life continues to bring us major experiences, traumas and catastrophes (or in our weakness or unregeneratedness, we may bring them upon ourselves) which open us further through fear, awe, contrition or remorse, to the perception of the impress of God's goodness and love on our souls. Thus, the development of nuclear bombs and power, and of genetic engineering, have led to fears of massive destruction of contagion; the development of modern, industrial society has led to the fear of poisoning the environment, of overdependence on mass production and distribution, and of depletion and scarcity of resources; and, the rapid spread of religious, psychological, psychic, electrical and chemical means of behavior manipulation have led to fears for sanity, soul and mass control. My own initial spiritual conversion, from which a number of these observations about conversion have been drawn experientially, came from a sort of "do-it-yourself" open-ended secular brainwashing and de-programing (although these terms were not current at the time) in an intense commitment to seek a universal love which would enable me and others to overcome the divisive barriers of life, in unity, cooperation and peace. From a deep Quaker commitment to peace and non-violence I had become preoccupied with the fact that wars seemed to be precipitated by alienating religious, cultural, racial and national allegiances which provided the basis for dehumanization of and contempt for those of other allegiances, and also provided the basis for the armaments and conscription which made it possible for political leaders to wage war. Examining this psychologically, I saw that such allegiances were supported by a mental identification of self in value with nation, and that such an identification was just one instance of an entire mental habit and value structure of identification tied up with the emotions and feelings and with attitudes and perspectives generally. From this perspective, I then undertook the introspective self discipline of discerning identifications underlying every negative, division, alienation, emotion, feeling, attitude or perspective of any strength which came into consciousness, and of dissolving the identification. At the same time I willed to nurture, and strengthen every positive, liberating, uniting emotion, feeling, attitude or perspective of love, cooperation, unity and universality, and to generate them where they were needed but did not exist. During this period, two important developments occurred providentially. First, several striking events took place of such unexpected and startling assistance in circumstances of physical and then psychological distress, that I was prompted for the first time to believe in providence and an all-powerful God, instead of a universe operating according to certain laws established by a now remote and impersonal deistic original creating force. Second, the first atomic bomb was dropped at Hiroshima, which threw me in deep despair over the potential of human love to overcome such terrible destructive capability. However, my sense of a loving God prevailed over this despair (as described in the Chapter on Intuition and Insights) so while continuing my efforts in the concrete task at hand of ferreting out every possible divisive, alienating identification, I also gained the conviction that there must be some resolution of the contradiction between one's power and providence on the one hand, and the forces of destructiveness let loose in the world, on the other; and that a loving God would make available an accessible truth source to show us how to cope with and resolve this contradiction. But again I despaired, because an examination of the major world religions seem to show an inconsistency or out-and-out hypocrisy between their professed beliefs in love and justice and their involvements in warring allegiances. Some of my close friends saw their way to resolve this dilemma by converting to Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism and moving to countries where they could find and join communities of these faiths. I could not see that a loving just and providential God would require the leaving of one's homeland to find a religious base, so I continued to pursue my quest in the United States. But, as I continued to be unable to find a religious base at hand which met my rational, humanist, criteria, I intensified still further my soul's outreach for some sort of direct access to the divine love needed for peace on earth. By this time I had so extensively eliminated mundane identifications and attachments that my soul seemed to break forth from its previous mental prison and flow out into the vast reaches of the universe - but only to encounter an overwhelming array of psychic and preternatural forces and entities - some benign and some highly frightening. The following poem by Richard Pousette-Dart described my state of mind at that time: Such doubts lie all about me in the night That when I think of them I start to tremble Till shaking like a leaf in fear, I lie helpless, filled with forebodings of doom. So ls my life - wrapped in its own winding: Now sure, Now strong and bravely laughing; Now walking through all storms without a tremor - But 0, when the wide door of death swings open, What cold, what damp, what howling winds blow in. Now strong, now weak - all sudden lightening changes Which no rule can account for - Mighty thunder calls - The mystic wideness of the world - The pounding wind-swept waves and wasted rocks - The elements which no man's knowledge knows of Break in upon me, dumb, black, stricken terror " - Foreboding, c. 1944, (unpublished) This traumatic, if not catastrophic, experience made me see that of itself liberation of soul was an inadequate means of access to the divine love necessary for peace. But at the same time it mysteriously increased my certainty that such love existed, and that, since I was not able to find it by soul outreach from my body, it must be available to me, must come to me, through a divinely established, widely accessible, religious community. After a third successive sleepless night, it occurred to me that there was only one institutional religion or church known to me that even claimed, despite its imperfections, the characteristics I knew must exist somewhere: unity, holiness, universality, divine establishment, and continuity through the centuries; namely the One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic, Roman Church. The next day I looked up the address of the nearest Catholic Church in the telephone book, rang the rectory doorbell, was welcomed in, and began my catachetical instruction leading to baptism. PURGATIVE ASCENT Following conversion, our soul needs to undertake a path of purging and purification so that we may bring our lives into greater conformity with and reflection of God's goodness and love which have been impressed upon it by the Holy Spirit. At the beginning of this ascetical, purgative ascent the soul can be envisaged as residing, subtly, within the envelope of the vital body. Through whatever links it has with the vital body it also, we envisage, is over-powered, dominated, conditioned, determined, imprisoned and bonded by the faculties and senses of the physical body-brain, with its emotions, feelings, desires, attachments and stirrings. This interlocking subordination of the soul to the physical body-brain through the vital body is held by eastern religious traditions to be through centers or Shakras of the vital body, which are widely identified as seven in number: I - Crown Center - top of Head 2 - Head Center (seat of brain) 3 - Throat Center 4 - Heart Center 5 - Solar Plexus Center 6 - Sacral Center (lower back) 7 - Spinal Center (Base of Spine) During the purgative period of soul development, it appears that the lower four centers of the vital body serve as intermediaries between the soul and the physical body-brain. The spinal Center, which is held to be related with the adrenal and other ductless glands, is associated functionally with the desires, appetites, gratifications, fear, survival and other basic drives. The sacral center, related to the central nervous system through the the ductless glands, is associated functionally with abstract imaging, thought and mental attachments, patterns, education, training and conditioning. The solar plexus center which is held to be related to the central nervous system through the solar plexus, is associated functionally with willing and attempted or actual competition, superiority, dominance, manipulation and control. The heart center, which is held to be associated with the spiritual heart or astral body, is related functionally with movements towards affinity, love, altruism, cooperation, rapport and empathy. When the movements of the heart center begin to restrain and replace the urgings of the three lower centers, a person is said, Biblically, to have a new or upright heart, or to be an upright or righteous person. Correspondingly, the stirrings of self-respect and self-love and of love of God and neighbor have their origin in the heart center and soul, as do the stirrings of the spiritual impress of faith and a sense of God's love and goodness. It is these stirrings which move us to ascetical yearning, striving, growth and development - as a means of implementing self-development, love of God and love of neighbor. In accordance with the findings of neurological science, the articulations, ramifications and interlocking of the central nervous system are highly complex, as are their interrelations with the glandular systems. There is an extensive rope of interconnections between the cerebral plexus and the sacral plexus, and it is clear even superficially that excitation and control can originate from various points, and that numerous patterns and functionings of integration are possible and to be expected - Including the possibility of spiritual impress from the soul through the centers of the vital body. According to the traditional eastern texts and studies of the Shakras, the soul does not interact through the three upper centers during the purgative stage of ascetical growth. Ascetical practice begins with steps to diminish dominance of behavior by acts of the lower three canters - through acts of mortification, self-abnegation, purgation and ferreting - followed by a transforming offsetting, replacement and integration of their functioning through the heart center. The basic means for accomplishing this in Christian asceticism is though the sacrament of penance, confession or reconciliation, which is a source of actual purging and strengthening graces which augment the love of God of the sanctifying grace received at baptism. In this the spinal center is purged and religiously reformed by the examination of sins of disobedience against the Ten Commandments and the law of the Church, followed by acts of contrition, penance and priestly absolution. Similarly, the sacral center is purged and religiously reformed by the examination of sins against the virtues, especially the capital or cardinal sins; and solar plexus center by examination of sins against love and the beatitudes. In Christian religious orders purgative ascetical growth is fostered, additionally, by the diminishing and formative effects of following the evangelical counsels - by taking the religious vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, which relate, respectively, to the sacral, spinal and solar plexus centers. Thus poverty - material and spiritual - offsets possessiveness and attachment to things, ideas and relationships; chastity offsets the sway of the desires and appetites; and obedience offsets tendencies to willfulness, superiority and dominance. Within this general commitment to mortification, self-abnegation and purging, specific sins, vices and imperfections are then ferreted out by daily examination of one's feelings and behavior - generally, and with respect to particular problem areas at any given time - by oneself, and with the assistance of a spiritual director and a confessor. This is accompanied by a loving resolve to curtail sins, vices and imperfections and to replace them with offsetting virtues that through this purging of the activities of the lower centers, the soul may be progressively liberated, mellowed and strengthened by the nurturing of the heart, in its yearning for increase in concrete acts of love towards God and neighbor. While the purgative ascent necessarily focuses on the sins. vices and imperfections which must be purged, so that the yearning of soul to correspond to and to reflect the impress of the divine love and goodness made on it by the Holy Spirit at conversion can increasingly be fulfilled, it is Important to remember that the primary impetus is one of love. It Is the steady increase of love infused in the soul by divine grace which moves us to ever greater purification of our sins, vices and imperfections associated with the lower centers so that we can indeed respond ever more fully and perfectly to the promptings of ever-increasing love. To this end, the religious and liturgical arts and nature symbolism provide means of fostering love of God and of purging and transforming the affections, intellect and will . . . through architecture, sculpture, painting, stained glass windows, poetry, music, dance, vestments, flowers and other means. For example, at first we offset the capital sins by nurturing the 'opposite' virtues, such that lust is offset by continence, anger by patience, envy by love, avarice by generosity, pride by humility, sloth by diligence and gluttony by moderation, Then, as the sins are dissolved and expiated by the purging action of the Holy Spirit, the offsetting virtues, too, are replaced or transformed through grace, especially by the sacraments, and through the cardinal virtues of faith, hope and love, and the moral virtues of justice, prudence, fortitude and temperance - such that our behavior becomes primarily the virtuous implementation of love, rather than the offsetting of sins, vices and imperfections. It is through its focus on the continuous increase in love in soul and heart, through the infusion of grace, and the corresponding expiative purging of the obstacles and blocks to the operation of love, the action of the Holy Spirit, that religious asceticism differs from psychological therapy. The latter is able to relieve and to integrate pent-up drives, fears and frustrations hy catharsis, rational control, sublimation or replacement, but it is unable to purge and to expiate them from existence, or to replace them with the ever-increasing infusion of supernatural love. In the process of mortification, self abnigation, purging and ferreting out of impulses related to the lower three centers we are not attempting to eliminate their energies - which provide the principal input and motivation for mundane personal, economic and personal life, but to conform them to religious law, virtue, counsel and love. Thus, Freud, in addressing himself to unconscious dominance of the spinal center (id) has proposed to release obsessive fears and drives af erasability related to this center by bringing them into conscious awaredness and control, integration and sublimation through the methods of psychotherapy, dream analysis, etc.. Adler, by addressing himself to the exaggerated development of solar plexus center striving for superiority and dominance, often in compensation for unconscious feelings of inferiority, has striven, through counseling and analysis - particularly analysis of unconscious body-language and movements - to make the complexes or "life style" conscious, in relation to life pressures encountered, and to modify them rationally in favor of social feeling and interest, and cooperation - including emphasis on every individual's imperative to take up the principal tasks of life: love, work and society, Rogers' developmental psychology has proposed that a gentle, sympathetic, nurturing counseling and therapeutic approach to problems will gradually bring the impulses of the heart to the forefront, in replacement of spinal center related drives and solar plexus center related strivings for superiority and control . . . and especially over the stultification of exaggerated sacral center related social norms, stereotypes and prejudices. Ellis has proposed psychological transformation by purely rational analysis and control. Skinner's behavior modification, on the other hand, has introduced the training of sacral center related mental control through administered spinal center related rewards and punishments, without attempting to deal consciously and therapeutically with spinal center and solar plexus center related over-emphases or dominances. Of the psychological approaches to growth and development encountered, Jung has proposed use of psychological therapy and development through soul liberation and strengthening which has substantial parallels with the religious ascetical approach to soul liberation and growth, except that it does not draw specifically on the infusion of supernatural grace and spirit. Nor does it pay full attention to the need for purging and expiation of limitations, blocks and confinements associated with the lower three centers. As distinct, from the other psychological approaches just summarized, however, Jung has examined unconscious factors reflected in sacral center related images and archetypes which he has discerned as manifesting the stirrings and movements of the soul - and which proved most helpful to me in discerning such movements in my own soul, as mentioned in the first chapter. In sum, while much benefit can he achieved by removing psychological repressions, inhibitions and blocks, and by bringing unconscious factors under increased conscious control, integration and sublimation, these, are essentially techniques of rational scientific humanism, which fail to address the soul's need and yearning for conversion to growth in openness to, purification through, strengthening in, and channeling and instrumentation of supernatural love, through grace and spirit - which in its purgative stage is only a prelude to the affective stage of growth in a relationship of personal love of God. THE AFFECTIVE ASCENT Through the purging of the three lower centers of the vital body and their related senses, movements and faculties, and through the strengthening of the soul and of the heart center through liberating and sanctifying spirit and grace, there comes a point in the purgative ascent identified as the spiritual betrothal of the soul. At this point, the soul has been sufficiently freed, and the disorderly activities associated with the three lower centers sufficiently diminished, offset and replaced, under the gentle governance of the heart, so that the yearnings, stirrings and movements of the soul towards God's goodness and love are more vigorous, more frequent and more conscious. Ascetical growth now changes from the discursive mode of growth through self-examination and analysis of sins, defects and imperfections - with associated steps to mortify, abnegate. purge and ferret them out, and to offset and replace them - to an affective mode pervaded by a more strongly experienced love of God and a desire to continue ever more closely in this love. There may be some residual purging of the centers, but now the spiritual growth of the soul is primarily through further nurturing by grace to follow its spiritual longings, hungers, stirrings, risings, openings, yearnings and love in affective ascent within the upper portions of the vital body - moving towards the culmination of the purgings of the affective ascent, wherein the pliant, upwards expanding soul overflows from the top of the vital body to begin filling the spiritual heart so as to surround the vital body and then to open the centers into the spiritual heart, in the grace descent. In secular psychology, the basic human yearning to move from the discursive to the affective mode is envisaged as a move from head to heart, rational to intuitive, prose to poetry, abstract to symbolic, deductive to inductive, linear to holistic, differential to integral, left brain to right brain, cortex to hypothalamus, etc. With the spiritual betrothal, at the beginning of the affective ascent, a change in prayer is discerned from 'vocal prayer' of addressing God in traditional formal prayers such as the Lord's Prayer, the Hail Mary, Morning Offering, Act of Contrition and many others, to "mental prayer" emerging more spontaneously from a sense of a loving, conversational relationship with God - with Jesus and/or with God the Father. The affective/mental-prayer stage of ascetical growth is associated with a "getting in touch" with our awakening and stirring soul - much as psychologically we get in touch with and interact with our subconscious. Here, the blocking or limiting factors are not so much sins, defects and imperfections, as in the purgative ascent, but mental distractions introduced through our senses, feelings, imaginations or subconscious, which turn our attention away from movements of God's grace in Our souls. What is needed here is not to "fight" our distractions by consciously attempting to repress, purge or replace them, but to nurture the strengthening of our soul in grace, particularly though the sacraments, so that the distractions begin to fall away before the more active stirrings of the soul towards God. In our longing for Christ, we open ourselves to him in a dilation of heart, and embrace him in spiritual betrothal of soul when he shows himself to us spiritually. Then, ln love, we are joyously drawn to imitation, meditation and contemplation of him as our stirring, mellowing, expanding soul rises up in our vital body to now activate the throat, head and crown centers. At the time of spiritual betrothal a leafing stem of affective love is formed through grace in our soul and implanted at the base of our vital body to rise up and burgeon at the lower three centers, and then higher, to overcome the discursive neurological matrix previously formed in the body/brain: a stem whose flowers subsequently yield the fruits of the Spirit at the three lower levels, as they are irrigated during the grace descent of the soul into the spiritual heart. Various writers on mystical asceticism have reported moving from purgative to affective spiritual growth at different points. St. John of the Cross provides one of the most well known examples in his abandoning of the writing of the purgative "Dark Night of the Soul" after interpreting only three of the eight stanzas, and moving on to the writing of the affective "Spiritual Canticle". ln his introduction to his "Treatise on the Love of God", St. Francis de Sales gave his readers a choice, as it were, writing: "The first four books and some chapters of the rest might without doubt have been omitted, without disadvantage to such souls as only seek the practice of holy love, yet all of it will be profitable unto them if they behold it with a devout eye; while others might have been disappointed not to have had the whole of what belongs to the practise of divine love." St. Ignatius of Loyola, while organizing his Spiritual Exercises with conciseness and system, says from the outset of the affective movement of soul that: "it is not abundance of knowledge that fills and satisfies the soul, but to feel and taste the matters interiorly." (Annotations, par. 2). St. Louis de Montfort likewise proposes an affective approach from the start, pointing out in "True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary" that: "(Consecration to Jesus through Mary) is an easy, sure, perfect and secure way of attaining union with our Lord in which union the perfection of a Christian consists. . . . It is true that we can attain divine union by other roads, but it is by many more crosses and strange deaths, and with many more difficulties, which we shall find it hard to overcome . . . But by the path of Mary, we pass more gently and more tranquilly." (lp. Ill ) With origins in the days of pre-printing, pre-literate popular rural religious traditions, the prayer of meditation on the fifteen mysteries of the Rosary of Mary has been a widely valued support for imitation of and meditation on Christ, as have been various seven-meditation rosaries, such s those of the seven joys and of the seven sorrows of Our Lady. Religious painting, sculpture and stained glass windows have been important supports for meditation, and also contemplation; and religious music, particularly Gregorian chant, and hymns, have been supports for praise and contemplation. With the introduction into the West of mandalas from eastern religions, as visual supports for meditation and contemplation, and of mantras as vocal supports, there has been a renewed appreciation of the importance of the visual and vocal elements of Christian meditation and contemplation - particularly of the simpler visual images such as the Crucifix, Sacred Heart of Jesus, Immaculate Heart of Mary, Madonna and Child, the saints, rose windows, Our Lady of Grace, Christ Pantocrator, etc., and the simple repetition of a word such as "Jesus", of the Hail Marys of the Rosary, of the Jesus prayer of Eastern Churches, or of the "God come to my assistance, Lord make haste to help me" from the Psalms and the Roman Divine Office. These simple, direct, clear words of grace and are images of light are most effective as supports for Christian meditation and contemplation when we permit them to invoke and quicken a sense of God's love for us as manifested in the divine Plan of creation, redemption, and eternity in heaven. With brief or extended meditation on this love, we may then rise in grace and Spirit to contemplation of and participation in the interior life of love of the Persons of the Trinity, mirrored by the Divine Plan; from which we then turn to extend this love in instrumentation of the Divine Plan through our prayers and works for our neighbor and the building of the Peaceable Kingdom on earth. SOUL One practical consequence of the affective ascent, for ascetical growth, is that through the rising of the soul to the upper three centers of the vital body and its nurturing through grace of the growth of the flowering stem affectionately planted in the vital body we are able to enter, as a consequence of finer soul attunement, into affective, mental prayer of a loving two-way conversation with God - a realized sense of God as a loving person, variously Father, Son and Holy Spirit - who hears us with understanding and compassion and to whom we can bring our joys, sorrows and concerns. It is during this relationship of affective, conversational, prayer that we begin to have an intuitive sense of responses, answers and illuminations from God - as exemplified in the dialogues with Christ, in the "Imitation of Christ" of Thomas á Kempis, and in the dialogues with the Father in the "Dialogues of St. Catherine of Siena". When we begin to enter into this kind of affective, communicating relationship with God, it is of the utmost importance that we redouble our self-examinations for humility and spiritual poverty - avoiding any kind of spiritual pride from our sense of being in such communication, and avoiding the riches of dwelling on, attachment to, or enshrining or idolizing any such communication. Similarly, we are to practice the spiritual chastity of avoiding becoming enamored of and desirous of experiencing God's presence and communications because of any feelings of pleasure or satisfaction from this. And we must practice the spiritual obedience of submitting the contents of our sensed communications to the test of right reason, and to our spiritual director and counselor, if we have one, in relation to the revealed scriptures of the Bible and the doctrine and teaching of the Church. In the language of the "Canticle of Canticles" and of St. John of the Cross' "Spiritual Canticle", we find that this is a time when God communicates with us and remains with our souls for a period of time, and then absents himself from us - evidently because we are indeed in need of further perfection of our spiritual poverty, chastity and obedience. Thus the very desolation of God's withdrawal and absence quickens us, in our self-examinations, to the realization that we have insufficiently practiced spiritual poverty, chastity and obedience. In this, we are chastened by the reflection that Jesus himself was spiritually tempted by Satan: his chastity being tempted by the offering of a loaf of bread during his fasting; his poverty being tested by the offering of fame if he were to make a sensational leap from the walls of the Temple; and and his obedience being tested by an offer of mundane power over all the nations if he would be subservient to Satan. From this ascetical experience and testing, we can infer that there is a parallel, corollary or harmonic between the three higher centers of the vital body, now being activated by our rising soul, and the three lower centers. This has been spoken of by ascetical writers as a kind of purification of soul that seems, on another level, to duplicate the purification of the senses. However, the three higher centers are also operative in their own right as centers, respectively, of imitation, meditation and contemplation - following on the opening of the fourth, heart center of love, at the mystical betrothal. Our model for imitation is especially that of Mary's excellences: her purity, humility, openness, obedience, love, fruition, and her preservation of these. The emphasis here is not so much on the purgative side - as with as with the poverty, chastity and obedience of the purgative ascent - but rather on the growth in affective love, for which the purgative has opened the way, yielding fruits of meditation and contemplation. The testing, and the need for strict spiritual poverty, chastity and obedience, as the basis for the excellences of Mary, and for meditation and contemplation, are of critical importance, also, with regard to the allurements of false prophets. In the subtle areas of sensitivity and attunement to whlch our souls are now beginning to respond during the affective ascent, they are now open to a possibility of temptations, or at least distractions, from every kind of subtle being or entity - all the way from psychic residues of the dead, such as ghosts, to occult and magical forces, to demons and to Satan himself. Our souls are utter 'babes in the woods' in this newly opened area of subtle contact and communication. We are in no way to enter into relationships or communications with these entities - other than to reject them totally, as in the vows of Baptism, "I reject Satan, and all his pomps, and all his works" - after tbe manner of Jesus in the desert. Indeed, faced with the growth of our souls in subtle receptivity, we would turn away from this entire growth step, were it not that it is accompanied by a call to closer knowledge, love and service of God in the building of his Kingdom and the doing of his will "on earth as it is in heaven", and that there exist, established means for ascetical instruction and discernment within the Church. With this in mind, the following cross reference is included between chapters of this book and writings of St. Teresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross and St. Francis de Sales, based on recourse to these writers for understanding of ascetic, mystical life and growth as actually experienced: Chapter St. Teresa of Avila St. John of the Cross St.Francis de Sales 6.Converslon TLG,Book II,l3-22 7.Purgatlve IC Mansion I,2 AMC Chaps I,Il,III TLG Book VIll,all Ascent III,I DNS Chap l 8. Affective IC Mansion IV,l-3 SC Stanzas 1-ll TLG Book IX,1-8 Ascent 9. Soul IC Mansion V,1-4 SC Stanzas 12-18 TLG Book V, all 10. Grace Descent 11. Luminous IC Mansion VI,I-2 SC Stanzas 19-33 TLG Book X, all Ascent XI,I-14 l2 Wisdom IC Mansion VI, 3-4 SC Stanzas 34-39 TLG Book Xl,15-21 Descent XI1,all VI,8--l1 13. Soul IC Mansion VI, 5-11 LFI Stanzas I-3 TLG Book VI, 12-15 Ascent 14. Heavenly IC Mansion VII, all LFL Stanza 4 TLG Book Vll, all Union Key: IC - The lnterior Castle AMC - The Ascent of Mt. Caramel TLG - Treatise on the Love of God DNS - The Dark Night of the Soul SC - The Spiritual Canticle LFL - The Living Flame of Love (Redaction I) Subsequent Chapters draw largely on St. Ignatius of Loyola, St. Paul, Revelations of the Apocalypse, Teilhard de Chardin and St. Louis de Montfort, with quotations included ln the text. It could be said that Mansions V and VII of St. Therese's The Interior Castle all belong to the spiritual Marriage of the luminous ascent, as the saint seems to embrace spiritual marriage and heavenly union simultaneously : "As our Lord has a dwelling place in heaven, so does he in the soul - which may be termed another heaven." (SC, VII, par.1) However, she also states: "Although I have only mentioned seven mansions, yet each one contains some, above, below and around it" (SC, Epilogue) With this clarification, the various references are shown as they proved helpful in clarifying my experience, as followed in the chapter sequence. From this viewpoint, St. Teresa can be said to have experienced the wisdom descent, soul ascent and heavenly union charismatically in conjunction with the luminous ascent - or all merged into one. St. John of the Cross, on the other hand, distinguishes between these two ascents ascetically, in the Prologue to "The Living Flame of Love": "Although in the stanzas which we expounded above (i.e. in "The Spiritual Canticle") we spoke of the most perfect degree of perfection which a man may attain in this life, which is transformation in God - these stanzas treat of a love which is even more complete and perfected ln this state of transformation." It is our thesis that the distinction between these two modes of spiritual marriage in union with God are clarified by the distinctions between the soul's subtle movements in the spiritual heart and in the spiritual vessel, even though they may be merged experientially . The new precariousness of our soul's exposed situation after its emergence from the protective envelope of the vital body also brings us to greater appreciation of some of the other assurances and safeguards God has provided as our Heavenly Father, in his providence, as we learn from the Sacred Scriptures. First we have Christ's promise to Peter that "the gates of hell shall not prevail against you", and "whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven"; and his assurance that: "Whatsoever you ask in my name shall be given to you". Thus, we can rely on the holiness of the sacraments as sources of grace, and on the dogmatic teachings of the Church; and can proceed with faith and confidence when we make the sign of the Cross, or pray in Christ's name. Also, we have Christ's loving act from the Cross of giving us, in prayer to St. John, his mother as our mother also - so we can turn in prayer to Mary, whom God gave power over Satan (Gen ); as well as to our guardian angel, to St. Michael the Archangel and to St. George. Finally, we have such assurances and safeguards as the giving of priestly blessings, the incensing of the altar, the use of holy water and the use of blest objects and of relics of the saints. With heightened appreciation of these divinely endowed bountiful safeguards and assurances, we are then confirmed in our freedom to respond to the movements of our soul calling us to be "simple souls" and "children of God" as we respond to God's affective promptings. And re-alerted to the "triple threat" of the world, the flesh and the devil, we constantly renew our sense of spiritual poverty, chastity and obedience, and pray the Lord's prayer offered to the Father that he "lead us not into temptation, and deliver us from evil", in order that we may press ahead in opening our souls in security to the fullness of God's love, that we may be effective as his instruments for overcoming the world. LUMINOUS DESCENT With the transfiguring outflow of the soul, at the fullness of the affective ascent, from the vital body into the spiritual heart, the countenance becomes smiling and radiant and the manner, tender, gentle, loving, kind and compassionate - transformed in a flooding of the heart with grace and light. This is the state of the gentle mysticism of St Francis of Assisi, Blessed Henry Suso, Thomas á Kempis and St. Francis de Sales. With St. Francis of Assisi we sing hymns to God's love and munificence in his Creation, and pray that we may be channels and instruments of God's peace. This is the full flowering of the state of spiritual betrothal, of the divine presence in the soul. It is a time of love, goodness, holiness, light, paradise, hope, grace and enthusiasm that is all too unappreciated, or dismissed as pious sentimentality, in our day of cynicism and of psychological reductionism which neither sees or even believes in the soul. It is the time of Lauds, the Benedictus, the Gloria, the Angelus, of the Magnificat and of Christmas, of the infant Jesus in the manger in the arms of Mary and Joseph, of angels and shepherds, of the star of Bethlehem and the astrologer-kings, of Christmas carols, of Silent Night and 0, Little Town of Bethlehem. It is a time of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus and of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and of spiritual betrothal to Christ. Ascetically it is a time of opening our senses, faculties and hearts to all the resplendence of the gentle movement of our soul; a time of nature, of grace, of spirit, and of loving providence. Interiorly, it is evidently a time of subtle opening of the three upper centers of the vital body - the throat center, the head center and the crown center - so that grace of the soul from the spiritual heart can flow back into the vitaI body, bringing the beginnings of the illumination of our body-brains by our soul. However, the grace descent is just one step of ascetical growth, and to rest here, as Peter would have in proposing to Jesus at his Transfiguration that they should build three houses - one for Jesus, one for Moses and one for Isaiah - is to fall into what has been termed "quietism". Our calling and task are to spread this love and joy in promoting God's Kingdom of mercy, peace and salvation on earth. To this end, the opening of our crown center as our soul flows into our spiritual heart appears to be associated with the illumination of our head center with grace and of our throat center with holiness - as rivers of light from our spiritual heart flow through these openings, augmenting the grace already in our vital bodies. And, grace flowing through our heart center causes our hearts to be pierced with compassion for those burdened with despair, injustice and sickness. The Fruits of the Spirit - joy, humility, modesty and faith: peace, love, kindness and goodness; and patience, long-suffering, continency and chastity - burgeon from the flowers of poverty, chastity and obedience blossoming at the three lower centers of the vital body as they are opened by the additional grace of the descending soul and grace flowing through them from the spiritual heart into the vital body. In retrospect, I now realize that I spent some twenty years in ascetic, mystical growth in affective love, imitation, meditation and contemplation, and of welling grace, while researching, living with and promoting the flower symbolism of the "Mary Garden", mentioned in the chapter on Inspiration and Insights. The following are some descriptions of how, this was perceived at that time: "As we approach the garden our first sense is of peace and joy. Beholding it in its entirety with its trees and shrubs, its plants and flowers, its birds and bees, in sun and breeze, we are moved to offer praise and thanksgiving, to the Creator with the overflowing joy of St. Francis' Hymn to the Sun. "Approaching closer, we see that the beauty of the garden has been composed and offered around the image of Mary, the Mother of God, as a hymn of veneration, in which we are to join interiorly. Then, considering the surrounding flowers as symbols of Mary's immaculate purity, the beauty of her holiness and the the splendor of her heavenly glory, we praise, bless and thank God for his great glory as magnified in the soul of Mary. "From the religious meaning of the plants, their arrangement around the central statue of the Virgin and Child, and their careful cultivation, visitors immediately sense this as a very special kind of garden, a garden of peace and prayer and love, a garden with a fullness of meaning and beauty not to be found in the usual herb or flower garden." A Garden Full of Aves, The Marianist Magazine, Dayton, Ohio, 1962 "As we approach the garden our first sense is of peace and ioy. Beholding it in its entirety with its trees and shrubs, its plants and flowers, its birds an bees, in sun and breeze, we are moved to offer praise and thanksgiving , to the Creator with the overflowing joy of St. Francis' Hymn to the Sun. "Approaching closer, we see that the beauty of the garden has been composed and offered around the image of Mary, the Mother of God, as a hymn of veneration, in which we are to join interiorly. Then, considering the surrounding flowers as symbols of Mary's immaculate purity, the beauty of her holiness and the the splendor of her heavenly glory, we praise, bless and thank God for his great glory as magnified in the soul of Mary." "As we enter and walk through the garden,- the symbolism of the familiar shapes and colors of the individual flowers lifts our thoughts to meditation on Our Lady's life and mysteries. Meditating thus, we are moved to praise God for the privileges and graces he bestowed on Mary for her chosen role as his mother, companion and cooperator in the work of human redemption. "At the same time we rejoice in Mary's love of God and her perfect obedience to his will, which serve as the model and inspiration for our own love and service of God. Reminded in this way of how pleasing Mary must be to God, and of his appointment of her as our heavenly mother and mediatrix, the instrument of his mercy, we confidently beseech her to pray to him for us and to make our prayers hers. "After completing our garden tasks we rest, finally, in simple contemplation of Mary and Jesus, and of the mysteries of the Incarnation and Redemption. Then, filled with the peace of Christ, we leave the garden, praying with St. Francis that we may be made instruments of that peace: 'where there is hatred sowing love, where there is injury - pardon, where there is doubt - faith, where there is despair - hope, where there is darkness - light, where there is sadness - joy'." Mary-Gardening with St. Francis, Assisi Magazine, Dublin, March, 1961 One of the most moving testimonies to the Mary Garden was a poem sent to us by Liam Brophy, of Dublin: Gardens Give Mary Glory These are the loveliest of her litanies These gardens where the glad abounding earth Still gush the Holy Spirit's primal mirth In endlessly renewed diversities These from the faithful and fecund soil Are generations that have called her blest, These magnify her always without rest While man's sad cyclic ages still uncoil. They beat the perfumed air with noiseless sound, They ring out her renown, freshIy repeat Her names taught them by men whose pulses beat With God's great rhythm of the Seasons' round. Each garden gives her glory, chants her praise Even in harsh and hostile places where Men have forgotten gentleness and prayer, And what still canticles waft through their days. Who plants a garden builds a carillon To peal her praises with the pulse of time, And laud her with earth's loveliest, lasting chime In bright, unalterable antiphon. Turning inward, again, to the garden of our soul, we pray, in the prayer as taught by "Christ The Gardener" as discerned by Sr. Josepha Mendenez, "'Lord, Thou knowest both the flowers and the fruits of my garden . . . Come and teach me how I may grow what will please Thee most.' "To one who speaks in this way and has a genuine desire of showing love, I answer: 'Beloved, if such is your desire, suffer me to grow them for you. . . let me deIve and dig in your garden . . . let me clear the ground of those sinewy roots that obstruct it and which you have not the strength to pull up . . . Maybe I shall ask you to give up certain tastes, or sacrifice something in your character . . . do some act of charity, of patience, or self-denial . . . or perhaps prove your love by zeal, obedience or abnegation: all such deeds help to fertilize the soil of your soul, which will then be able to produce the flowers and fruits I look for." ("The Way of Divine Love", p. 275, 276.) THE LUMINOUS ASCENT As we are warmed by the love, grace, light, peace and joy of our soul's overflowing into our spiritual hearts, we in time come to sense that we are being summoned to an illuminative strengthening which will enable us to go forth in the world to promote the spiritual growth of souls and the building of the Peaceable Kingdom. In subtle structure and function this is supported by a further growth of the flowers of grace in our vital bodies, through the openings in the centers, into our spiritual hearts, through the illuminative warming and formation of the Holy Spirit. This further inflorescence is discovered as we turn our senses inwardly to discern what is occurring as we become conscious that strengthening is taking place. In my own experience I discerned, as the growth of this luminous ascent of inflorescence within the spiritual heart proceeded, that there were indeed seven further inflorescences, corresponding to the seven opened centers and that seven leafed branches of grace in the vital body, which were supportively associated with strengthening soul growth in the obediences, virtues, beatitudes, corporeal works of mercy, apostolic works of mercy, spiritual works of mercy or angelic praises of God. The first such inflorescence I myself discerned was at the solar plexus center, in correlation with a conscious sense of ascetical growth in the strengthening of the Beatitudes of poverty of spirit, meekness, mourning, hunger for justice and holiness, mercy, purity of heart, and peacemaking. In reflection it seemed to me that the beginning of this stage of ascetical growth with the Beatitudes was a fitting "transition" from the love, grace, peace, joy and fruits of the Spirit of the grace descent, but this may be a personal circumstance of growth, without warrant of generalization. Next came a flowering of the sacral center, supportive of the theological virtues of faith, hope and love, and of the moral virtues of prudence, justice, fortitude and temperance. Then, of the spinal center, associated with what I discerned as obediences, duties or tasks of life - to God, soul, kingdom, forgiveness, work, spiritual perfection and the Church - to the Ten Commandments and the law of the Church, to Divine and and natural law. By way of explanation and clarity of the discernment process involved, I should state that the ascetical growth associated with the inflorescences was not at all understood in any sort of comprehensive way at the time. I had a strong sense, from inward envisionings, that inflorescence was taking place, and I kept an extensive spiritual journal of free-flowing, random thoughts; notes from reading or TV viewing; inspirations; dreams; conversations and life-events. It was through constant rumination, and by the discernment of patterns and trends, that it became clear in general outline what was unfolding, and it was only after subjecting this to reason that I was finally able to discern internal consistency, and then the ramification of details, as presented here - which then focused the light of desire from the impress of the initial clarity,lucidity and radiance of illumination. It seems to